廬山記 2.2.4

2.2.4

此其是也。 永泰之上。 有道人庵。 次聖僧巖。 次善才巖。 次羅漢巖。 四庵巖相去在五里之間。 瀑流之所過也。 又五里皆登絕險。 乃至黃石巖。 俗傳黃石公所居非也。 其崖壁皆黃色。 視前三巖。 特平廣可容百餘人。 永泰之前。 有文殊臺。 與香爐雙劍峯相為高下。 瀑布前在山下。 皆仰而望之。 固為雄偉。 至文殊臺。 則平視之。 然後知轟雷飛練皆賦象之不足也。 開先之東半山別有小瀑。 飄洒亦不下百餘尺。 名曰馬尾泉。 言其小不得同名為瀑也。 由開先至萬杉院二里。 本朝景德二年始建。 舊有古石崖。 先是僧曰太超。 即山植杉萬本。 有為之言於朝者。 乃賜錢建院。 仍錫土田佛像供器。 及其成也。 仁宗錫御篆牓其殿。 曰金仙寶殿。 內翰錢易書其門榜。 有仁廟御容章懿明肅之寫真及錦衾褥銷金服數事藏焉。 皆當時所賜。 太超亦號廣智大師。 是院舊名慶雲。 天聖中勅改今額。 直集賢院徐奭記碣尚存。 院後有流泉。 泉畔有滴翠亭。 遊者必久之。 萬杉之東南三里。 有凌雲庵。 舊名凌雲書堂。 九江錄云。 劉軻書堂在凌雲峯下。 早年居此。 廉使裴公美其才。 薦之上第為史官。 著撰頗傳於世。 自韓吏部以下皆推之。 又有薛諫議書堂。 即劉弇侍御舊居。 會昌中。 薛自南海書記滿秩。 親經營之。 坐見二瀑布。 泉石松竹特為曠絕。 郡守行春。 及遊人多過之。 薛諫議未見名。 與二劉唐史皆無傳。 軻元和十四年。 進士登第。 太和初。 歷監察御史。 四年轉殿中。 開成中。 遷祕書丞史館修撰學士。 出為洺州刺史。 二林碑誌多其手筆焉。 所謂凌雲庵蓋劉薛之故基也。 或曰。 何乾曜侍郎始以書堂為僧居。 乾曜亦未詳其世系。 今有墳在遷鸎谷。 由萬杉至真教院三里。 舊名雲峯。 前所謂古石崖在其後。 巉若屏障。 由真教至景德院三里。 舊名高遙。 由景德至李徵古書堂一里。 徵古保大中仕至樞密左右副使。 坐宋齊丘黨與賜自盡。 由李氏書堂之上四里。 有香積院。 香積院在五乳峯下。 由香積二里。 至俱胝庵。 俱胝之傍有觀音庵。 次半里許有齊雲庵。 由齊雲三里。 至臥龍庵。 凡廬山之所以著於天下。 蓋有開先之瀑布。 見於徐凝李白之詩。 康王之水見於陸羽之茶經。 至於幽深險絕。 皆有水石之美也。 此庵之西蒼崖四立。 怒瀑中瀉。 大壑淵深。 凜然可畏。 有黃石數丈。 隱映連屬。 在激浪中。 視者眩轉。 若欲蜿蜒飛舞。 故名臥龍。 此山水之特勝處也。 臥龍之下五里。 有青蓮院。 舊名白雲庵。 南唐僧冲照號慧悟禪師。 湯悅作寫真贊。 徐鉉篆石刻存焉。 青蓮之傍有靈峯庵。 舊名下偃臺蘭若。 由靈峯五里。 至道林庵。 道林之傍。 有禪靜院。 舊名中興庵。 禪靜於諸庵獨無流泉。 鑿井而飲。 無土田賣活血丹以養。 然堂宇亦特為完潔。 次有寶慶庵。 次有淨隱院。 舊名寶峯庵。 雙澗出其中。 春雨盛時。 漱湍號怒。 亦水石佳處。 西澗有劉居士庵。 居士名渙。 字凝之。 筠州人。 天聖八年。 擢進士第居官。 有直氣不屑。 輒棄去。 卜居星渚。 甞乘黃犢往來山中。 尤愛此澗。 於是山僧結茅。 以待之。 由道林至寶峯。 三院相去皆一里。 至祖教院。 舊名上偃臺。 其南有盤龍庵西源庵。 後有寶輪庵。 皆不遠百步。 由寶林至稠木庵三里。 稠木至幽邃庵一里。 由幽邃至赤眼禪師塔一里。 禪師即所謂赤眼歸宗卒。 葬此山之石人峯下。 以石為像。 凜然如生。 建隆二年。 諡至覺禪師妙相之塔。 由塔院至棲賢禪院十里。 其間三里喬林繁陰。 上蔽烈日。 行者過之。 必愛而休。 道傍過棲賢蔬圃。 畦隴廣斥亦有可觀者。 凡自五乳峯下香積院至此十有八處。

This is indeed the place. Above Yongtai, there is Daoren Hermitage, followed by Shengseng Cliff, then Shancai Cliff, and Luohan Cliff. These four hermitages and cliffs are spaced within five li of each other, where the cascading waterfall passes. Ascending another five li of perilous terrain brings one to Huangshi Cliff; popular tradition holds that Master Huangshi lived here, but this is erroneous. Its cliff walls are all yellow in colour, and in comparison to the previous three cliffs, it is uniquely flat and expansive, able to hold over a hundred people. In front of Yongtai, there is Mañjuśrī Terrace, rising and falling in height alongside Incense Burner Peak and Shuangjian Peak. In front of the waterfall at the foot of the mountain, everyone looks up at it from below, and it is certainly grand and majestic; yet when one reaches Mañjuśrī Terrace and views it on a level plane, only then does one realize that comparisons to booming thunder and flying white silk fall short of capturing its true likeness. East of Kaixian, halfway up the mountain, there is another small cascade, drifting and spraying no less than a hundred feet down, called Mawei Spring; this name conveys that its smallness prevents it from sharing the name of a full waterfall. From Kaixian, it is two li to Wanlin Cloister. It was first built in the second year of Jingde of our present dynasty. Formerly, an ancient stone cliff stood here. Before this, a monk named Taichao planted ten thousand cedars throughout the mountain. Someone spoke of this to the imperial court, which then bestowed funds to construct the cloister, along with land, Buddha images, and ritual vessels. When it was completed, Renzong granted an imperial seal-script plaque for its hall, reading 'Treasure Hall of the Golden Immortal.' Academician of the Hanlin Academy Qian Yi brushed the inscription for its gate plaque. Kept there are the imperial portraits of Emperor Renzong and Empresses Zhangyi and Mingsu, along with several brocade quilts, mattresses, and garments adorned with melted gold, all bestowed at the time. Taichao was also granted the title Grand Master Guangzhi. This cloister was formerly named Qingyun; during the Tiansheng reign era, an imperial decree changed it to its present name. A stele with a record by Xu Shi, Auxiliary Academician in the Hall of Worthies, still survives. Behind the cloister flows a spring, beside which stands the Dicuiting Pavilion; visitors inevitably linger there. Three li southeast of Wanlin is Lingyun Hermitage, formerly called Lingyun Study. The Jiujiang lu states: Liu Ke's study was beneath Lingyun Peak; he lived here in his early years. Surveillance Commissioner Lord Pei appreciated his talent and recommended him for a high examination pass to serve as a history official. His writings circulated widely in the world, and everyone from Han [Yu], Vice Minister of Personnel, on down esteemed him. There is also the study of Remonstrator Xue, which was formerly the residence of Investigating Censor Liu Yan. During the Huichang era, after completing his term as Secretary of Nanhai, Xue personally developed it; sitting there, one can see two waterfalls, and the springs, rocks, pines, and bamboos are exceptionally vast and secluded. When the prefect toured in spring, as well as when travellers passed by, many would visit it. The personal name of Remonstrator Xue is not recorded, and neither he nor the two Lius have biographies in the Tang histories. Ke passed the jinshi examination in the fourteenth year of Yuanhe. In the early Taihe era, he successively served as an Investigating Censor, and in the fourth year, transferred to Palace Censor. During the Kaicheng era, he was promoted to Assistant in the Palace Library and Compiling Academician of the Historiography Institute, later going out to serve as Prefect of Mingzhou. Many of the stelae and inscriptions at the Two Forests were brushed by his hand. The so-called Lingyun Hermitage is indeed the former site of Liu and Xue. Some say that Vice Minister He Qianyao was the first to turn the study into a residence for monks; Qianyao's lineage is also not clearly known. Today his tomb lies in Qianying Valley. From Wanlin, it is three li to Zhenjiao Cloister, formerly named Yunfeng. The previously mentioned ancient stone cliff lies behind it, jagged like a screen. From Zhenjiao, it is three li to Jingde Cloister, formerly named Gaoyao. From Jingde, it is one li to the study of Li Zhenggu. During the Baoda era, Zhenggu served up to Vice Commissioner of the Bureau of Military Affairs; implicated in the faction of Song Qiqiu, he was ordered to commit suicide. Four li above the Li family study is Xiangji Cloister, situated beneath Wuru Peak. From Xiangji, it is two li to Jūti Hermitage. Beside Jūti is Guanyin Hermitage, and about half a li further is Qiyun Hermitage. From Qiyun, it is three li to Wolong Hermitage. Mount Lu's fame throughout the realm is largely due to the waterfall of Kaixian, which appears in the poems of Xu Ning and Li Bai, and the waters of King Kang, which appear in Lu Yu's Classic of Tea; as for its secluded depths and perilous precipices, all possess the beauty of water and stone. To the west of this hermitage, dark cliffs rise on four sides, an angry waterfall cascades down the middle, and a great ravine plunges profoundly, inspiring solemn dread. Several tens of feet of yellow rock, faintly visible and interconnected, lie amidst the surging waves; gazing at them makes one's eyes spin, as if they are writhing and dancing, hence the name Wolong ('Crouching Dragon'). This is an especially scenic spot of mountain and water. Five li below Wolong is Qinglian Cloister, formerly named Baiyun Hermitage. During the Southern Tang, the monk Chongzhao was titled Chan Master Huiwu; Tang Yue composed an encomium for his portrait, and Xu Xuan's seal-script stone carving still survives. Beside Qinglian is Lingfeng Hermitage, formerly named Xiayan Terrace Āraṇya. From Lingfeng, it is five li to Daolin Hermitage. Beside Daolin is Chanjing Cloister, formerly named Zhongxing Hermitage. Among all the hermitages, Chanjing alone lacks a flowing spring; they dig a well to drink, and having no farmland, they sell blood-activating pills to support themselves. Yet its halls and buildings are especially intact and immaculate. Next is Baoqing Hermitage, followed by Jingyin Cloister, formerly named Baofeng Hermitage. Twin torrents emerge from within it; when the spring rains swell, they scour the rapids and roar angrily, making it a fine place of water and stone as well. In the western torrent stands the hermitage of Layman Liu. The layman's name was Huan, courtesy name Ningzhi, a native of Junzhou. In the eighth year of Tiansheng, he was selected as a jinshi; holding office, he possessed an unbending integrity, and dismissing [worldly affairs], he promptly abandoned his post. Divining a residence at Xingzhu, he often rode a yellow calf back and forth in the mountains, especially loving this torrent. Thereupon, the mountain monks thatched a cottage to await his visits. From Daolin to Baofeng, the three cloisters are each one li apart. Proceeding to Zujiao Cloister, formerly named Shangyan Terrace; to its south are Panlong Hermitage and Xiyuan Hermitage, and behind it is Baolun Hermitage, none more than a hundred paces away. From Baolin, it is three li to Choumu Hermitage, one li from Choumu to Yousui Hermitage, and one li from Yousui to the stūpa of Chan Master Chiyan. The Chan master was the so-called Chiyan of Guizong who passed away and was buried beneath Zhiren Peak on this mountain; a stone statue was made of him, imposing as if alive. In the second year of Jianlong, he was posthumously titled 'Stūpa of Wondrous Form of Chan Master Zhijue.' From the stūpa cloister, it is ten li to Xixian Chan Cloister. Along the way, for three li tall trees cast dense shade, sheltering travellers above from the scorching sun; travellers passing through inevitably delight in it and rest. Beside the road, one passes the vegetable gardens of Xixian, whose broad plots and ridges are also quite a sight. In total, from Xiangji Cloister beneath Wuru Peak to this place, there are eighteen sites.