弘明集 1.16

1.16

問曰。黃帝垂衣裳制服飾。箕子陳洪範貌為五事首。孔子作孝經服為三德始。又曰。正其衣冠尊其瞻視。原憲雖貧不離華冠。子路遇難不忘結纓。今沙門剃頭髮披赤布。見人無跪起之禮儀。無盤旋之容止。何其違貌服之制。乖搢紳之飾也。牟子曰。老子云。上德不德是以有德。下德不失德是以無德。三皇之時食肉衣皮。巢居穴處以崇質朴。豈復須章甫之冠曲裘之飾哉。然其人稱有德而敦厖允信而無為。沙門之行有似之矣。

The question was asked: "The Yellow Emperor let down his robes and instituted garments and ornaments; Jizi expounded the Great Plan, where appearance was the foremost of the five matters; Confucius composed the Classic of Filial Piety, where dress was the beginning of the three virtues. It also says: 'Correct your clothing and cap, and make your gaze dignified.' Although Yuan Xian was poor, he did not part with his splendid cap; when Zilu met with disaster, he did not forget to tie his cap strings. Now the śramaṇas shave their hair and don red cloth; when seeing people, they have no ritual of kneeling and rising, and no demeanour of pacing and turning. How exceedingly they violate the system of appearance and dress, and run contrary to the ornaments of the gentry!" Mouzi said: "Laozi said: 'Highest virtue is not virtuous, therefore it has virtue; lowest virtue does not lose virtue, therefore it is without virtue.' In the time of the Three Sovereigns, people ate meat and wore skins, nesting in trees and dwelling in caves to exalt simplicity. How could they have needed the cap of Zhangfu or the ornament of curved furs? Yet those people were praised as possessing virtue, being simple, sincere, trustworthy, and acting through non-action. The conduct of the śramaṇas resembles this."