廣弘明集 27.166

27.166

佛世尊說。三界世間總是苦聚。非惟一苦而已。又是無常無我不淨。終歸於空。出世之外。則有常樂我淨具八自在。而眾生長迷妄謂為樂。一何可悲。且說一苦隨相有八。何謂八苦。所謂生苦老苦病苦死苦愛別離苦冤憎會苦求不得苦五盛陰苦。於一苦中更有諸苦。故諸行人策厲行道。節身口意翹勤匪懈。群小無知謂之為苦。大聖圓照三達洞了。知此小苦大樂正因。雖有勞頓所期者大。非謂為苦。故引諸行相用簡有心。

The Buddha, the World-Honoured One, taught that the worldly realms of the three realms are entirely an aggregation of suffering—not merely a single suffering alone. Moreover, they are impermanent, non-self, impure, and ultimately return to emptiness. Beyond the worldly, however, there are permanence, bliss, self, and purity, possessing the eight masteries. Yet sentient beings are long deluded and falsely deem them to be joy—how lamentable! Now, speaking of the one suffering, it has eight aspects according to its characteristics. What are called the eight sufferings? They are the suffering of birth, the suffering of old age, the suffering of illness, the suffering of death, the suffering of separation from loved ones, the suffering of association with the hated, the suffering of not getting what one seeks, and the suffering of the five grasping aggregates. Within each single suffering, there are yet further sufferings. Therefore, practitioners urge themselves on to practice the Path, disciplining body, speech, and mind, striving eagerly without remiss. Ignorant fools call this suffering. The Great Sage, in his perfect illumination and penetrating three vidyās, thoroughly understands that this small suffering is the correct cause of great joy. Though there is toil and weariness, what is aspired to is great, and so he does not call it suffering. Thus, the various marks of practice are adduced to distinguish those with intention.