折疑論 3.4

3.4

素王制禮而曲躬之貌形焉（素空也。言孔子有君師之德。無君師之位。左傳序云。夫子作春秋為素王。左丘明傳春秋為素臣。故禮樂始興於孔子）。

the Uncrowned King instituted rituals, and the demeanor of bowed bowing took form. (['Uncrowned':] su means empty. It means Confucius had the virtue of a ruler and teacher, but lacked the position of a ruler and teacher. The preface to the Zuo Zhuan says: 'The Master composed the Spring and Autumn Annals as the Uncrowned King; Zuo Qiuming transmitted the Spring and Autumn Annals as the uncrowned minister.' Thus rituals and music first flourished with Confucius.)