經律異相 1.19

1.19

忉利天居須彌山頂。有三十三天宮。王名釋提桓因（梁言能作天王）身長一由旬衣長二由旬。廣二由旬衣重六銖。壽天千歲少出多減。若欲終時有五相現。一者衣裳垢膩。二者頭上華萎。三者身體臭穢。四者腋下汗流。五者不樂本座。見五事時心大苦惱如地獄苦。飲食嫁娶猶如四天。身體相近以氣成陰陽（出三法度經云行欲如人）以身口意善生忉利天。自然化現在天膝上如三歲兒。天即認言。是我男我女。自識前世布施持戒。欲得飲食隨滿金器。福有深淺食有優降。如四天王天。城縱廣八萬由旬（樓炭經云。廣長三百二十萬里）其城七重。九百九十九門。門有六十青衣夜叉守之（長阿含經云。高六十由旬。相去五百由旬。有一門門有五百鬼神守衛）三十三天。金城銀門銀城金門。如是七寶互為城門。樓閣臺觀周匝圍繞。園林浴池寶花間雜。寶樹行列華果繁茂。香風四起悅可人心。異類奇鳥無數和鳴。其四園中各有二石垛。各各縱廣五十由旬。七寶所成軟若天衣（樓炭經說相似文多不載）麁澁園盡樂園中間有難陀池。縱廣百由旬其水清澄。七重寶塹生四種華。青黃赤白紅縹雜色。香氣普熏聞一由旬。根如車轂汁白如乳味甘如蜜。復有雜園大歡喜園。中間有樹名晝度。圍七由旬高百由旬。枝葉四布五十由旬。其香逆風百由旬內。忉利殿南又有一樹。名波質拘耆羅。高四千里。枝葉分布二千里。風吹花香逆風行聞二千里。當樹花時諸天共坐樹下以為歡樂。經遊天一百二十日。帝釋有三十二大臣。故言三十三天也。各有宮皆在城內。遊戲園中必經七日。麁澁者入此園時身體麁澁。畫者入此園時。身體自然種種畫色以相悅樂。雜者常以月八日十四日十五日。放諸婇女與諸天子雜遊。獨與舍脂共在一處名為雜。大喜者入此園時心大歡喜（出長阿含經第二十卷。又出樓炭。大智論。華嚴。涅槃）。

The Trāyastriṃśa heaven is situated on the summit of Mount Sumeru, having thirty-three heavenly palaces. The king is named Śakra Devānām Indra (in Liang language: Able to Act as King of Gods). His body is one yojana tall; his garments are two yojanas long and two yojanas wide, weighing six zhu. The lifespan of the gods is one thousand celestial years, with few exceeding and many falling short. When about to die, five signs appear: first, their clothes become soiled; second, the flowers on their heads wither; third, their bodies emit a foul smell; fourth, sweat flows from their armpits; fifth, they take no pleasure in their original seats. Seeing these five things, their minds experience great distress, like the torment of hell. Their eating, drinking, and marriage are just like those of the Four Heavenly Kings; their bodies draw close, and through air they accomplish sexual intercourse (the *San fadu lun* says they engage in desire like humans). Through wholesome deeds of body, speech, and mind, they are born into Trāyastriṃśa heaven, spontaneously appearing by transformation upon the lap of a god like a three-year-old child. The god then acknowledges it, saying: 'This is my son, my daughter.' They spontaneously remember the generosity and precept-keeping of their previous lives. When they desire food and drink, golden vessels are filled accordingly; merit has depths and food has gradations, just as in the Cāturmahārājakāyika heaven. The city is eighty thousand yojanas in length and breadth (the *Loutan jing* says three million two hundred thousand li wide and long). Its city has sevenfold walls with nine hundred and ninety-nine gates, each gate guarded by sixty blue-robed yakṣas (the *Dīrghāgama* says: 'It is sixty yojanas high; five hundred yojanas apart there is a gate, and each gate is guarded by five hundred spirits'). In the thirty-three heavens, there are golden walls with silver gates, and silver walls with golden gates; thus the seven treasures alternately form the walls and gates. Multi-storied towers and pavilions surround them on all sides; gardens, groves, bathing ponds, and precious flowers are interspersed; jewel trees stand in rows with luxuriant blossoms and fruits; fragrant breezes arise from the four quarters, gladdening people's hearts; and countless wondrous birds of different kinds sing in harmony. In the four gardens there are two stone mounds in each, each fifty yojanas in length and breadth, made of the seven treasures and as soft as heavenly garments (the account in the *Loutan jing* is similar; the extensive text is omitted here). Between the Pāruṣyaka Garden and the Nandana Garden there is Lake Nanda, one hundred yojanas in length and breadth, its water clear and pure; its sevenfold jewel moats produce four kinds of flowers: blue, yellow, red, and white, with mixed shades of pink and light green. Their fragrance diffuses everywhere and is smelled for one yojana; their roots are like chariot hubs, their juice is white as milk, and their taste is sweet as honey. Furthermore, between the Miśraka Garden and the Mahāsaṃharṣa Garden there is a tree named Pārijāta, seven yojanas in circumference and one hundred yojanas high, its branches and leaves spreading fifty yojanas in four directions, and its fragrance carried against the wind for one hundred yojanas. South of the Trāyastriṃśa palace there is yet another tree, named Pāricchatra, four thousand li high, its branches and leaves spreading two thousand li, the wind blowing the flower fragrance against the wind so that it is smelled for two thousand li. When the tree blossoms, the gods sit together beneath it for delight, roaming and amusing themselves for one hundred and twenty celestial days. Śakra has thirty-two ministers, hence they are called the thirty-three heavens. Each has a palace, all inside the city. When amusing themselves in the gardens, it always takes seven days. As for the 'Pāruṣyaka' (Rough) Garden: when entering this garden, their bodies become rough. As for the 'Citra' (Variegated) Garden: when entering this garden, their bodies naturally assume various colorful hues to delight each other. As for the 'Miśraka' (Mixed) Garden: on the eighth, fourteenth, and fifteenth days of the month, the palace maidens are always released to mingle and roam with the gods, while Śakra alone remains in one place with Śacī; hence it is called 'Mixed'. As for the 'Mahāsaṃharṣa' (Great Joy) Garden: when entering this garden, their minds experience great joy (from fascicle 20 of the *Dīrghāgama*, and also from the *Loutan jing*, the *Da zhidu lun*, the *Avataṃsaka*, and the *Nirvāṇa*).