經律異相 48.81

48.81

佛與諸比丘。向毘舍離。到黎越河。河邊有五百牧牛人五百捕魚人。佛去河不遠而坐止息。時捕魚人網得一魚。五百人挽不能使出。復喚牧牛之眾。千人併力得一大魚。身有百頭若干種類。驢馬駱駝虎狼猪狗猿猴狐狸如斯之屬。眾人甚怪競集看之。世尊尋時往至魚所。而問魚言。汝是迦毘梨不。如是三問皆答言是。復問。教化汝黨今在何處。答言。墮阿鼻地獄中。阿難曰。今者何故喚百頭魚為迦毘梨。佛言。迦葉佛時有婆羅門。生一男兒。字迦毘梨（梁言黃頭）。聰明博達。於種類中多聞第一。唯不如諸沙門輩。其父臨終慇懃約勅。汝慎莫與迦葉沙門講論道理。所以者何。沙門智深汝必不如。父沒之後其母問曰。汝本高明今頗更有勝汝者不。答言。沙門殊勝於我。母復問言。云何為勝。答有疑往問佛能開解。彼若問我我不能答。母復告言。何以不學習其法。答言。敬學其法當作沙門。我是白衣何緣得學。母復告曰。偽作沙門學習已達還來在家。奉其母教而作比丘。經少時間讀誦三藏綜達義理。母問之曰。今得勝未。答言。學問中勝不如坐禪。何以知之。我問彼人悉能分別。彼人問我我不能知。因是事故未與他等。母復告曰。自今已往若共談論。儻不如時便可罵辱。迦毘梨言。出家沙門無復過罪。云何罵之。答曰。但罵卿當得勝。時迦毘梨不忍違母。後日更論理。若短屈即便罵言。汝等愚騃無所識別劇於畜生。諸百獸頭皆用比之。如是非一。以是果報今受魚身而有百頭。阿難問佛。何時當脫此魚身。佛告阿難。此賢劫中千佛過去猶故不脫。爾時阿難及於眾人。聞佛所說。咸共同聲而作是言。身口意行不可不慎。時捕魚人及牧牛人等。一時俱共合掌向佛。求索出家淨修梵行。佛言善來。鬚髮自落法衣在體。為說妙法成阿羅漢（出賢愚經第十卷）。

The Buddha and the monks were heading toward Vaiśālī and arrived at the river Liyue. By the river were five hundred cowherds and five hundred fishermen. The Buddha sat and rested not far from the river. At that time, the fishermen caught a fish in their net; five hundred men pulled it but could not bring it out. They called the herd of cowherds as well, and with the combined strength of a thousand men, they brought out a great fish. Its body had a hundred heads of various kinds: donkey, horse, camel, tiger, wolf, pig, dog, ape, monkey, fox, and the like. The people found it extraordinary and vied to gather and look at it. The Bhagavat immediately went to the fish and asked it: 'Are you Kapila or not?' Asked this three times, it answered 'yes' every time. He asked again: 'Where are those who taught and converted your faction now?' It answered: 'Fallen into the Avīci hell.' Ānanda asked: 'Why do you now address this hundred-headed fish as Kapila?' The Buddha said: 'In the time of Kāśyapa Buddha, there was a brāhmaṇa who bore a boy named Kapila (in the language of Liang, Yellow Head). He was intelligent and extensively learned, foremost in hearing among his kind, inferior only to the śramaṇas. When his father was on the verge of death, he earnestly instructed him: "Be careful never to debate doctrine with the śramaṇas of Kāśyapa. Why? The wisdom of the śramaṇas is profound, and you are certain to be no match for them." After his father died, his mother asked: "You were originally lofty and bright; are there any now who surpass you?" He replied: "The śramaṇas are far superior to me." His mother asked again: "How are they superior?" He answered: "If I have doubts and go ask them, the Buddha can clarify and resolve them. If they ask me, I cannot answer." His mother said to him: "Why do you not study their Dharma?" He answered: "To reverently study their Dharma, one must become a śramaṇa. I am a white-robed layman; how could I study it?" His mother said: "Pretend to be a śramaṇa; once you have studied and mastered it, return home." Obeying his mother's instruction, he became a monk. After a short time, he recited the Tripiṭaka and thoroughly comprehended its meanings. His mother asked him: "Have you surpassed them now?" He answered: "I am superior in learning, but not as good in seated meditation." "How do you know this?" "When I question those people, they can distinguish everything; when they question me, I cannot know. For this reason, I am not yet their equal." His mother told him: "From now on, if you debate with them and happen to be inferior, you may just curse and revile them." Kapila said: "The renunciant śramaṇas have committed no fault or transgression; why should I revile them?" She answered: "Just revile them and you will prevail." Kapila could not bear to disobey his mother. Later, when they debated principles again and he was refuted, he reviled them: "You fools know nothing and are worse than animals!" and compared them to the heads of hundreds of beasts, doing so on numerous occasions. As a retribution for this, he has now received the body of a fish with a hundred heads.' Ānanda asked the Buddha: 'When will it escape this fish body?' The Buddha told Ānanda: 'Even after a thousand Buddhas have passed in this Bhadrakalpa, it will still not escape.' At that time, Ānanda and the multitude, hearing what the Buddha had said, all spoke with one voice: 'One cannot but be cautious in actions of body, speech, and mind!' Then the fishermen, cowherds, and others joined their palms toward the Buddha together, seeking to leave home and cultivate the pure life. The Buddha said: 'Welcome!' and their hair and beards fell off naturally, with Dharma robes on their bodies. He preached the wondrous Dharma for them, and they became arhats. (Extracted from the tenth fascicle of the Sūtra of the Wise and the Foolish)