法苑珠林 22.39

22.39

未曾有經。羅睺羅年至九歲出家為沙彌。王勅豪族諸公王子五十人。隨逐羅睺悉共出家。舍利弗為和尚。大目揵連作阿闍梨。與授十戒。羅睺母耶輸陀羅為太子婦。未滿三年即捨出家（自餘弟子事廣繁多不可具述且逐要略疏三五也）沙彌者。耶舍傳云（隋云勞之小者。以修道為勞也。又翻息慈。謂息世染之情以慈濟萬物也。又創染佛法俗情猶存。須息惡行慈）又增一阿含經云。佛告諸比丘有四姓出家者無復本姓。但言沙門釋迦子。所以然者。生由我生。成由法成。其猶四大海皆從阿耨泉出。又彌沙塞律云。汝等比丘。雜類出家。皆捨本姓稱釋子沙門（沙門者息惡也）又長阿含經云。彌勒出世。諸比丘弟子等亦皆稱慈子。如我今弟子稱為釋子（彌勒者姓也此云慈氏也）觀大覺俯應跡均俗典。所以苗裔繼哲姻婭重疊。并緣發曠劫故能翼讚靈化。又四河入溟俱名為海。四族歸道并號曰釋。可謂總彼殊源同乎一味。者矣。

The Sūtra of the Unprecedented states: Rāhula, at the age of nine, went forth as a novice (śrāmaṇera). The king ordered fifty princes and sons of noble families to follow Rāhula and all go forth together. Śāriputra was the upādhyāya, and Mahāmaudgalyāyana served as the ācārya, conferring upon them the ten precepts. Rāhula’s mother, Yaśodharā, had been the Crown Prince’s wife; within three years [of the Buddha's departure] she had cast off [the world] and gone forth. (The accounts of the other disciples are vast and numerous, beyond full narration; here a few are briefly set down in accordance with essentials.) As for the term “śrāmaṇera”, the Biography of Yaśas says (in Sui it is called “one who labors small”, meaning one takes cultivating the Way as labor; it is also translated as “ceasing [affliction] and compassion”, meaning to cease worldly defiled emotions and to aid all things with compassion; further, when one first receives the Buddha’s Dharma, worldly emotions still remain, so one must cease evil and practice compassion). Furthermore, the Ekottarika-āgama says: The Buddha told the monks, “Those of the four castes who go forth no longer retain their original caste; they are merely called ‘śramaṇa, son of Śākya’. Why is this? Their birth is born from me; their completion is completed through the Dharma. It is just as the four great oceans all issue from Lake Anavatapta.” Furthermore, the Mahīśāsaka-vinaya says, “You monks, having gone forth from diverse classes, all renounce your original surnames and are called ‘sons of Śākya, śramaṇas’” (a śramaṇa is one who ceases evil). Furthermore, the Dīrgha-āgama says, “When Maitreya appears in the world, the monks, disciples, and others will all likewise be called ‘sons of Maitreya’, just as my disciples today are called ‘sons of Śākya’” (Maitreya is a clan name, translated here as “the Compassionate One”). We observe that the Great Awakened One, condescending to respond, left traces conforming with secular precedents; thus his descendants continued the wise, and matrimonial ties were layered, both causes arising from vast kalpas so that they could assist and praise the spiritual transformation. Furthermore, when the four rivers enter the ocean, they are all called the sea; when the four castes take refuge in the Way, they are all titled “Śākya”. It may be said that they unite those disparate sources into a single flavor.