法苑珠林 3.38

3.38

如起世經云。餘三天下悉有男女婚嫁之法。欝單越人無我我所。樹枝若垂男女便合無復婚嫁。諸龍金翅鳥阿脩羅等。皆有婚嫁男女法式。略如人間。六欲諸天及以魔天。皆有嫁娶。略說如前。從此已上所有諸天不復婚嫁。以無男女異故。四天下人若行欲時。二根相到流出不淨。一切諸龍金翅鳥等。若行欲時。二根相到。但出風氣即得暢適。無有不淨。三十三天行欲之時。根到暢適亦出風氣。如前龍鳥無異。夜摩天執手成慾。兜率陀天憶念成慾。化樂天熟視成慾。他化自在天共語成慾。魔身諸天相看成慾。並得暢適成其慾事。又立世論云。四天王天若索天女。女家許已乃得迎接。或貨或買。欲界諸天亦復如是。剡浮提人及餘三洲四天王天忉利天等要須和合成慾。夜摩天相抱為慾。兜率天執手為慾。化樂天共笑為慾。他化天相視為慾。西瞿耶尼人受諸欲樂。兩倍勝於剡浮提人。如是展轉乃至他化自在天受欲兩倍勝於化樂天。餘四洲人並有惡食者有胎長者。四天王處諸女天等。無有惡食無有胎長者。亦不生兒。亦不抱兒。男女生時。或於膝上。或於眠處。皆得生兒。若於女處者。天女作意。此是我兒男天亦言。此是我兒。則唯一父一母若於父膝眠處生者。唯有一父。而諸妻妾皆得為母。亦有修行至死無欲。四天王天生欲事無量無數。亦有修行至死無欲。一切欲界諸天亦爾。凡一切女人以觸為樂。一切男子不淨出時以此為樂。欲界諸天泄氣為樂。又新婆沙論云。引契經說。劫初時人無男女根。形相不異。後食地味男女根生。由此便有男女相異。色界離段食故無此二根。有說。男女二根欲界有用。非於色界。是故彼無鼻舌二根欲界有用非於色界。是故彼問。色界天眾為女為男。答應作是說。彼皆是男。雖無男根而有餘丈夫相。又能離染故說男。

As the *Sūtra on the Origination of the World* (*Lokasthiti-sūtra*) states: Across the other three continents, all have the customs of marriage between men and women. The people of Uttarakuru possess no notion of 'I' or 'mine'; if the tree branches droop, men and women engage in union and have no marriages. The dragons (nāgas), garuḍas, asuras, and the like all have customs and rituals of marriage between males and females, broadly resembling those of the human world. The devas of the six desire realms and the Māra devas all have marriage, broadly stated as before. From here upwards, all the devas no longer marry, because there is no distinction between male and female. When the people of the four continents engage in sexual desire, their two sexual organs come into contact and impure fluids discharge. When all the dragons, garuḍas, and the like engage in sexual desire, their two sexual organs come into contact, but only a breath of air is expelled to obtain satisfaction, without any impure fluids. When the devas of the Thirty-three engage in sexual desire, the organs meet to bring satisfaction, and likewise only air is expelled, no different from the dragons and birds mentioned above. The Yāma devas attain sexual satisfaction by holding hands; the Tuṣita devas attain sexual satisfaction by mindfulness; the Nirmāṇarati devas attain sexual satisfaction by gazing intently; the Paranirmitavaśavartin devas attain sexual satisfaction by conversing; the devas of Māra's retinue attain sexual satisfaction by looking at one another; in all cases they attain satisfaction and fulfill their sexual desire. Furthermore, the *Lokasthitābhidharma-śāstra* states: When the devas of the Four Heavenly Kings seek a celestial maiden, only after her family consents may they receive her, either through barter or purchase. The devas of the desire realm are likewise. The humans of Jambudvīpa, the other three continents, the devas of the Four Heavenly Kings, and the Trāyastriṃśa devas must harmonize and unite to fulfill sexual desire. The Yāma devas fulfill desire by embracing. The Tuṣita devas fulfill desire by holding hands. The Nirmāṇarati devas fulfill desire by smiling together. The Paranirmitavaśavartin devas fulfill desire by gazing at each other. The humans of Western Godānīya experience sensual pleasures twice as superior to those of Jambudvīpa. In this way, progressing sequentially, up to the Paranirmitavaśavartin devas, whose sensual pleasures are twice as superior to those of the Nirmāṇarati devas. Among the humans of the other four continents, some consume coarse food and some experience gestation. Among the various goddesses in the realm of the Four Heavenly Kings, there is neither coarse food nor gestation; neither do they give birth to children nor do they cradle children. When males and females are born, whether upon the knees or at the sleeping place, children are born. If born at a woman's place, the celestial maiden thinks, 'This is my child,' and the male deva also says, 'This is my child'; thus there is only one father and one mother. If born upon the father's knees or at his sleeping place, there is only one father, yet all his wives and concubines may be considered mothers. There are also practitioners who remain free from sexual desire until death. The sexual desires of the devas of the Four Heavenly Kings are immeasurable and countless; yet there are also practitioners who remain free from sexual desire until death. All the devas of the desire realm are likewise. Generally, all women find pleasure in touch; all men find pleasure in the discharge of impure fluids; the devas of the desire realm find pleasure in the release of air. Furthermore, the *New Vibhāṣā* states, quoting a sūtra: At the beginning of the kalpa, humans had no male or female sexual organs, and their forms did not differ. Later, having eaten the savory earth (bhūmi-rasa), male and female sexual organs arose, and from this arose the distinction between male and female. The form realm is free from solid food (kavaḍīkārāhāra), and thus lacks these two organs. Some say: 'The male and female organs are useful in the desire realm, not in the form realm; therefore they lack them. The nose and tongue organs are useful in the desire realm, not in the form realm; therefore they lack them.' Question: Are the devas of the form realm female or male? Answer: It should be said: 'They are all male. Although they lack male organs, they possess other masculine marks, and because they are capable of relinquishing defilement, they are called male.'