法苑珠林 4.80

4.80

春秋繁露曰。天有十端。天為一端。地為一端。陽為一端。陰為一端。土為一端。人為一端。金為一端。木為一端。水為一端。火為一端。凡十端。天亦喜怒之氣。哀樂之心。與人相副。以類合之。天人一也。春喜氣故生。秋怒氣故殺。夏樂氣故養。冬哀氣故藏。四者天人同有之。爾雅曰。穹蒼蒼天也（李巡曰。古時人質仰視天形。穹隆而高其色蒼蒼。故曰穹蒼也）春為蒼天（李巡曰。春萬物始生。其色蒼蒼。故曰蒼天也）夏為昊天（李巡曰。夏萬物壯其氣昊昊。故曰昊天也）秋為旻天（李巡曰。秋萬物成熟皆有文章。故曰旻天旻天文也。郭景純曰旻猶愍。愍萬物彫落也）冬為上天（李巡曰。冬陰氣在上萬物伏藏。故曰上天。郭景純曰。言時無時在上。臨下而已）廣雅曰。天圓廣南北二億三萬三千五百里七十五步。東西短減四步。周六億十萬七百里二十五步。從地至天一億一萬六千七百八十一里半。下度之厚與天高等。

The Chunqiu fanlu says: 'Heaven has ten ends: heaven is one end, earth is one end, yang is one end, yin is one end, soil is one end, humans are one end, metal is one end, wood is one end, water is one end, and fire is one end. In all, there are ten ends. Heaven also has the qi of joy and anger, and the heart of sorrow and pleasure, which match those of human beings. Uniting them according to their kind, heaven and humans are one. Spring has the qi of joy, hence it generates; autumn has the qi of anger, hence it kills; summer has the qi of pleasure, hence it nurtures; winter has the qi of sorrow, hence it stores away. These four are shared equally by heaven and humans.' The Erya says: 'The arched vault of azure is the azure heaven.' (Li Xun says: 'In ancient times, people were simple; looking up at the shape of heaven, it was domed and high, and its colour was azure; hence it is called the arched vault of azure.') 'Spring is the azure heaven.' (Li Xun says: 'In spring the ten thousand things begin to grow, and their colour is azure; hence it is called the azure heaven.') 'Summer is the brilliant heaven.' (Li Xun says: 'In summer the ten thousand things are robust, and its qi is bright and vast; hence it is called the brilliant heaven.') 'Autumn is the compassionate heaven.' (Li Xun says: 'In autumn the ten thousand things mature and all possess patterns; hence it is called the min heaven, min meaning pattern. Guo Jingchun says: Min is like min [compassion], pitying the withering of the ten thousand things.') 'Winter is the supreme heaven.' (Li Xun says: 'In winter the yin qi is above, and the ten thousand things lie hidden; hence it is called the supreme heaven. Guo Jingchun says: It means that at that time there is nothing above it; it merely overlooks what is below.') The Guangya says: 'The circular breadth of heaven from south to north is 233,500 li and 75 paces. From east to west, it is shorter by 4 paces. Its circumference is 610,700 li and 25 paces. From the earth to heaven is 116,781 and a half li. Measuring downwards, the thickness [of the earth] is equal to the height of heaven.'