法苑珠林 51.40

51.40

如尸迦羅越六向拜經云。惡知識者有四輩。一內有怨心外強為知識。二於人前好言語背後說人惡。三有急時於人前愁苦背後歡喜。四外如親厚內興怨謀。惡知識復有四輩。一小侵之便大怒。二有倩使之便不肯行。三見人有急時避人走。四見人死亡棄之不視。又涅槃經云。菩薩摩訶薩。觀於惡象及惡知識等無有二。何以故。俱壞身故。菩薩摩訶薩。於惡象等心無悑懼。於惡知識生悑畏心。何以故。是惡象等唯能壞身不能壞心。惡知識者二俱壞故。是惡象等唯壞一身。惡知識者壞無量善身無量善心。是惡象等唯能破壞不淨臭身。惡知識者能壞淨身及以淨心。是惡象等能壞肉身。惡知識者壞於法身。為惡象殺不至三惡。為惡友殺必至三惡。是惡象等但為身怨。惡知識者為善法怨。是故菩薩。常當遠離諸惡知識。

As the Sūtra on the Six Directions of Worship Spoken to Sigāla states: 'There are four classes of bad associates. First, inwardly possessing resentment while outwardly pretending to be an associate. Second, speaking good words to a person's face while speaking ill of them behind their back. Third, in times of emergency, looking sorrowful before a person's face while rejoicing behind their back. Fourth, outwardly appearing close and intimate while inwardly hatching resentful plots.' There are further four classes of bad associates: 'First, becoming greatly enraged at a slight offense. Second, refusing to carry out an errand when asked to do so. Third, seeing someone in an emergency and fleeing to avoid them. Fourth, seeing someone die and abandoning them without a glance.' Furthermore, the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra states: 'A bodhisattva-mahāsattva views an evil elephant and a bad associate as equal and without distinction. Why? Because both destroy the body. A bodhisattva-mahāsattva has no fear in mind regarding evil elephants and the like, but gives rise to a fearful mind regarding bad associates. Why? These evil elephants and the like can only destroy the body, not the mind, whereas a bad associate destroys both. These evil elephants and the like destroy only a single body, whereas a bad associate destroys immeasurable good bodies and immeasurable good minds. These evil elephants and the like can only destroy the impure and foul body, whereas a bad associate can destroy the pure body and pure mind. These evil elephants and the like can destroy the physical body, whereas a bad associate destroys the Dharma-body. Being killed by an evil elephant does not lead to the three evil destinies; being killed by an evil friend inevitably leads to the three evil destinies. These evil elephants and the like are only enemies of the body, whereas a bad associate is an enemy of the good Dharma. Therefore, a bodhisattva should always stay far away from all bad associates.'