法苑珠林 55.72

55.72

竊聞。聲調響順形直影端。未見鑽火得氷種豆得麥。所以蘇張逢於鬼谷。處浮詐之先。顏閔遇於孔門。標德行之始。故知習二篇之化。徼妙無為。行三張之風。謀為亂首。何者。後漢順帝時。沛人張陵客游蜀土。聞古老相傳云。昔漢高祖應二十四氣祭二十四壇。遂王有天下。陵不度已德。遂搆此謀。殺牛祭祀二十四所。置以土壇。戴以草屋。稱二十四治。治館之興始乎此也。二十三所在於蜀地。尹喜一所在於咸陽。於是誑誘愚民招合兇黨。斂租稅米謀為亂階。時被蛇吞釁逆弗作。又陵孫張魯行其祖術。後於漢中自稱師君。禍亂方起。為曹公所滅。又中平元年。鉅鹿人張角。自稱黃天部師。有三十六將。皆著黃巾。遠與張魯相應。眾至十萬。焚燒鄴城。漢遣河南尹何進將兵討滅。又晉武帝咸寧二年。有道士陳瑞。以左道惑眾。自號天師。徒附數千。積有年歲。為益州刺史王𤀹誅滅。又晉文帝太和元年。彭城道士盧悚。自稱大道祭酒。以邪術惑眾。聚合徒黨。向晨攻廣漢門云。迎海西公。時殿中桓祕等覺知與戰。尋被誅斬。又梁武帝大同五年。道士袁敢矜妖言惑眾。行禁步岡。官軍收掩尋被誅滅。又隋文帝開皇十年。有綿州昌隆縣道士蒲童與左童二人。在崩溪館。自稱得聖。誑惑人民。重床至屋却坐其上云。十五童女方堪受法。令女登床。以幕圍繞遂便姦匿。如此經日後事發覺。因即逃亡。又開皇十八年。益州道士韓朗。綿州道士黃儒林。扇惑蜀王令興逆云。欲建大事須藉勝緣。遂教蜀王傾倉竭庫造千尺道像。建千人大齋。畫先帝形。反縛頭手呪而魘之。河北公趙仲卿檢察得實。送身京省被問伏罪。在市被刑。近有大唐武德三年。綿州昌隆縣民李望。先事黃老常作妖邪。去大業季年。有道士蒲子真。微閑道術被送東京。至雒身死。因葬在彼。而李望矯云。子真近還。又彼縣山側有一石室。巖穴幽闇人莫敢窺。望乃依憑以作妖詐。在明張喉大語領納通傳。入闇則噎氣小聲詐陳禍福。遂令道士等傳說達縣聞州。官人初檢並皆信受。後刺史李大禮云。此事非輕必須申奏。要假親驗方定是非。遂與合州官人并道士等一百餘騎。同至穴所再拜請期。望時詐答。聞者傾心。唯巴西縣令樂世質。深達機情知其誑詐。入闇密候見望噎聲。質時喝之。望即欵伏。收禁州獄。方欲科罪。未經數日服藥而終。近至貞觀十三年。有西京西華觀道士秦英會。聖觀道士韋靈符還俗道士朱靈感。並薄解章醮勅令事東宮。惑亂東宮。結謀大意為事不果。秦英靈符靈感等。並被誅斬。私宅財物及有婦兒。並配入官。又至龍朔三年。西華觀道士郭行真。家業卑賤宿素寒門。亦薄解章醮濫承供奉。勅令投龍尋山採藥。上託天威惑亂百姓。廣取財物姦謀極甚。并共京城道士雜糅佛經偷安道法。聖上鑒照知偽付法。法官拷撻苦楚方承。勅恩恕死流配遠州。所有妻財並沒入官。是知所習非正釁逆相仍。左道鄙俗斯辱頻興矣。勅道士朝散大夫騎都尉郭行真。器識無取道藝缺然。為其小解醫藥薄閑章醮。當為皇太子弘。療患得損。錄其功效。叨授以榮班緣前驅使。妄作威禍兼以交結選曹。周旋法吏專行欺詐。取人財物遣營功德。隱盜尤多。朱紫莫分。而偽敷至教。菽麥詎辨。而潛讀禁書徒知僕妾。是求莊宅為務。雖靈溪千仞。何能蕩其穢質。神丹九液。豈可練其瑕心。擢髮未數其愆。刊竹寧書其罪。論斯咎釁宜從伏法。以其參迹道門情所未忍。可除名長配流愛州。仍即發遣令長綱領送至彼。官司檢校不得令出縣境。其私畜奴婢田宅水磑車牛馬等。並宜沒官。

I have heard that when a sound is tuned, the echo responds accordingly; when a form is upright, its shadow is straight. One has never seen ice obtained by drilling for fire, or wheat reaped by sowing beans. Thus Su [Qin] and Zhang [Yi] met at Guigu and stood at the forefront of superficial deceit; Yan [Hui] and Min [Ziqian] were received at Confucius' gate and marked the origin of virtuous conduct. Therefore we know that practicing the teachings of the two chapters [of the Daodejing] seeks the subtle and abides in non-action, whereas following the ways of the three Zhangs plots to be the instigator of rebellion. Why is this? In the reign of Emperor Shun of the Later Han, Zhang Ling of Pei traveled as a guest to the land of Shu. He heard an old tradition saying: 'In the past, Emperor Gaozu of the Han responded to the twenty-four solar terms and sacrificed at twenty-four altars, thereby coming to rule over all under Heaven.' Ling did not measure his own virtue, but formed this plot: he slaughtered oxen and sacrificed at twenty-four places, erecting earthen altars covered with thatched huts, which he called the 'twenty-four parishes' (zhi). The origin of parish halls began here. Twenty-three of them were in the land of Shu, and Yin Xi's single parish was in Xianyang. Thereupon he deceived and seduced the foolish populace and gathered violent factions, collecting levies of tax rice and plotting to make it a stepping-stone to rebellion. At that time, he was swallowed by a serpent, and his mutinous rebellion was aborted. Furthermore, Ling's grandson Zhang Lu practiced his ancestor's arts, and later in Hanzhong proclaimed himself the 'Master Lord.' As calamities and rebellions arose, he was annihilated by Lord Cao [Cao]. Moreover, in the first year of the Zhongping era, Zhang Jiao of Julu proclaimed himself 'Teacher of the Yellow Heaven Division.' He had thirty-six generals, all wearing yellow turbans, who coordinated from afar with Zhang Lu. His multitude reached one hundred thousand, and they burned the city of Ye. The Han sent the Governor of Henan, He Jin, who led troops and destroyed them. Again, in the second year of the Xianning era of Emperor Wu of the Jin, there was the Daoist Chen Rui, who deluded the multitude with heterodox arts and called himself the 'Celestial Master.' His followers numbered several thousands over accumulated years; he was executed and exterminated by Wang Rui, the Regional Inspector of Yizhou. Again, in the first year of the Taihe era of Emperor Wen of the Jin, the Daoist Lu Song of Pengcheng called himself the 'Libationer of the Great Dao.' Deluding the multitude with evil arts, he gathered his faction and attacked the Guanghan Gate toward dawn, claiming to welcome the Duke of Haixi. At that time, Huan Mi and others in the palace detected it, fought them, and they were soon beheaded and executed. Again, in the fifth year of the Datong era of Emperor Wu of the Liang, the Daoist Yuan Gan deluded the multitude with bewitching words, practicing forbidden pacing on the mounds; the government troops trapped them, and they were soon destroyed. Again, in the tenth year of the Kaihuang era of Emperor Wen of the Sui, there were two Daoists, Pu Tong and Zuo Tong of Changlong County in Mianzhou, who at the Bengxi Hall claimed to have attained sagehood. Deceiving and deluding the people, they stacked couches up to the roof, sat upon them, and said, 'Only fifteen-year-old virgin maidens are capable of receiving the Dharma.' They made the girls climb onto the couches, surrounded them with curtains, and committed illicit acts in secret. After some days, the matter was discovered, and they immediately fled. Again, in the eighteenth year of the Kaihuang era, the Daoist Han Lang of Yizhou and the Daoist Huang Rulin of Mianzhou incited and deluded the Prince of Shu to rise in rebellion, saying: 'If you wish to accomplish a great undertaking, you must rely on superior conditions.' They then taught the Prince of Shu to empty the granaries and exhaust the treasuries to construct a thousand-foot Daoist statue, hold a great vegetarian feast for a thousand people, paint the form of the former emperor, bind its head and hands backward, and chant spells to cast a hex upon it. Duke of Hebei Zhao Zhongqing investigated and verified the facts; their persons were sent to the capital ministry, and under interrogation they confessed to their crimes and were executed in the marketplace. Recently, in the third year of the Wude era of the Great Tang, Li Wang, a commoner of Changlong County in Mianzhou, who had previously served Huang-Lao, continually engaged in evil sorcery. In the closing years of the Daye era, there was the Daoist Pu Zizhen, who was slightly skilled in Daoist arts and was sent to the Eastern Capital; arriving in Luoyang, he died and was buried there. Li Wang falsely claimed: 'Zizhen has recently returned.' Furthermore, beside a mountain in that county there was a stone grotto, a cavern so dark and secluded that no one dared peer into it. Relying on this, Wang practiced deception: in the light, he projected his voice and spoke loudly, receiving and relaying messages; entering the darkness, he choked his breath and spoke in a low voice, falsely expounding fortune and misfortune. He then caused the Daoists to report this to the county and announce it to the prefecture. When the officials first investigated, they all believed and accepted it. Later, Regional Inspector Li Dali said: 'This matter is not light; it must be memorialized to the throne. One must personally verify it before determining right and wrong.' Thereupon, together with officials of the entire prefecture and Daoists, over a hundred horsemen went together to the cavern and bowed twice to request an appointment. Wang then gave false replies, and all who heard were utterly convinced. Only Le Shizhi, Magistrate of Baxi County, deeply understood psychological machinations and knew it was fraudulent deceit. Entering the darkness and lying secretly in wait, he saw Wang choking his voice. Zhi then shouted at him, and Wang immediately confessed his guilt. He was detained in the prefectural prison, and just as they were about to determine his punishment, within a few days he swallowed poison and died. Recently, coming down to the thirteenth year of the Zhenguan era, there were the Daoist Qin Ying of Xihua Abbey in the Western Capital, the Daoist Wei Lingfu of Sheng Abbey, and the laicized Daoist Zhu Linggan; all were slightly versed in petitions and jiao offerings, and were ordered by imperial decree to serve in the Eastern Palace. They deluded the Eastern Palace and plotted great treason, but their enterprise failed. Qin Ying, Lingfu, Linggan, and the others were all beheaded and executed. Their private residences and property, as well as their wives and children, were all confiscated by the government. Furthermore, coming down to the third year of the Longshuo era, the Daoist Guo Xingzhen of Xihua Abbey, coming from a lowly family and an established humble house, was also slightly versed in petitions and jiao offerings and illicitly enjoyed royal offerings. By imperial decree, he was sent to cast dragons into waters and search the mountains for medicinal herbs. He falsely invoked the heavenly majesty above to confuse and disorder the common people below; he extensively extorted property, and his treacherous schemes were extreme. Together with Daoists of the capital, he also adulterated Buddhist sūtras, stealthily interpolating them into Daoist methods. The Sagely Sovereign illuminated and discerned the fraud, handing him over to the law. Only under the pain of beating and torture by the judicial officers did he confess. By an imperial act of grace, his death sentence was remitted, and he was exiled to a distant prefecture; all his wives and property were confiscated by the government. From this one knows that when what one practices is not orthodox, rebellious treachery follows in succession; by these base customs of heterodox paths, such disgrace frequently arises. Imperial Edict: 'The Daoist Guo Xingzhen, Grand Master for Closing Court and Commandant of Cavalry, has no commendable capacity or understanding, and is deficient in Daoist arts. Because he was slightly versed in medicine and somewhat familiar with petitions and jiao offerings, he was employed when the Crown Prince Hong fell ill to treat his affliction, which showed improvement. Taking note of his merits, he was presumptuously granted an honorary rank and assigned to perform courier duties. He arbitrarily fabricated awe and disaster, and furthermore colluded with officials of the Ministry of Personnel and associated with legal officers, exclusively practicing deception. Extorting people's wealth under the pretense of performing merit, he engaged in extensive embezzlement and theft. Unable to distinguish vermilion from purple, he falsely expounded the supreme teaching; unable to discern beans from wheat, he secretly read forbidden texts. He only knew how to seek bondservants and concubines and make acquiring manors and residences his business. Though the Numinous Torrent be a thousand fathoms deep, how could it cleanse his filthy substance? Though the divine elixir have nine liquors, how could it refine his flawed heart? Pulling out every hair on his head would not suffice to count his offenses; cutting down all the bamboo would hardly suffice to write his crimes. Judging these misdeeds and transgressions, he ought to suffer the legal death penalty. Yet because he had entered the Daoist fold, We cannot bear to do so. Let him be stripped of his titles and exiled permanently to Aizhou. He should be dispatched immediately, with the county magistrate leading and escorting him thither. The local authorities are to oversee him and not permit him to leave the borders of the county. The male and female slaves, fields and houses, water mills, carts, oxen, and horses privately kept by him are all to be confiscated by the government.'