法苑珠林 6.91

6.91

如新婆沙論。問傍生本住何處。答本所住處在大海中。後時流轉遍在諸趣。問其形云何。答多分傍側。亦有竪者。如緊捺落畢舍遮醯盧索迦等。問語言云何。答劫初成時皆作聖語。後以飲食時分有情不平等故。諂誑增上故。便有種種語。乃至有不能言者。又舊婆沙論說。畜生住處乃有邊正之別。第一正住者。或說在鐵圍兩界之間冥闇之中。或在大海之內。或在洲渚之上。第二邊住者。謂在五趣之中。如地獄中。或有無足畜生如彼蛇等。或有二足者如彼烏鳩等。或有四足者如彼狗等（此中。或有實報或有化者不定）於鬼趣中亦有無足二足四足多足畜生。謂彼有威德鬼中亦有象馬駝驢等。無威德鬼中唯有狗等。修羅趣中（一同鬼趣中說）於天趣中。唯有二足四足畜生。更無餘種（然欲色二界諸天。有具不具報化畜生一如前天中說）。

As the *New Vibhāṣā-śāstra* states: Question: Where do crosswise-born beings fundamentally dwell? Answer: Their fundamental dwelling place is in the great ocean; later they transmigrate and are found throughout all destinies. Question: What are their shapes like? Answer: Most are crosswise and prone, but there are also upright ones, such as kiṃnaras, piśācas, helusokas, and so forth. Question: What is their speech like? Answer: When the kalpa first formed, they all spoke the noble language; later, because of inequalities in food and drink, time, and sentient beings, and because deceit and flattery increased, there came to be various kinds of speech, down to those who cannot speak. Furthermore, the *Old Vibhāṣā-śāstra* states that the dwelling places of animals are distinguished into peripheral and primary. First, as for the primary dwellings: some say they are in the darkness between the two boundaries of the Iron Ring Mountains; or within the great ocean; or upon the islands and continents. Second, as for the peripheral dwellings: they are within the five destinies. For example, in the hells, there may be footless animals like snakes; or two-footed ones like crows and doves; or four-footed ones like dogs (among these, whether they are actual karmic retributions or illusory transformations is indeterminate). In the ghost destiny, there are also footless, two-footed, four-footed, and many-footed animals: among ghosts of great power there are also elephants, horses, camels, donkeys, and the like, while among ghosts without power there are only dogs and the like. In the asura destiny, it is just as explained for the ghost destiny. In the celestial destiny, there are only two-footed and four-footed animals, and no other kinds (however, in the heavens of the desire and form realms, whether they possess actual retribution or illusory animals in full or in part is just as explained before under the heavens).