法苑珠林 66.39

66.39

又對法論云。正生何因苦。眾苦所逼故。餘苦所依故。出胎時復受肢體逼切大苦。餘苦所依者。謂有生老病死等眾苦隨逐。老何因苦。時分變壞苦故。病何因苦。大種變異苦故。死何因苦。壽命變壞苦故。怨憎會何因苦。合會生苦故。愛別離何因苦。愛別離時生苦故。求不得何因苦。所求不果生苦故。略攝一切五取蘊何因苦。麁重苦故。又雜譬喻經云。昔有世人入海採寶逢有七難。一者四面大風同時起吹船令顛倒。二者船中欲壞而漏。三者人欲墮水死乃得上岸。四者二龍上岸欲噉之。五者得平地三毒蛇逐欲噉之。六者地有熱沙走行其上燒爛人脚。七者仰視不見日月常冥不知東西甚難也。

Furthermore, the Abhidharma-samuccaya says: 'Why is birth itself suffering? Because it is oppressed by manifold sufferings, and because it is the support for remaining sufferings.' When emerging from the womb, one further suffers the great distress of physical constriction. 'The support for remaining sufferings' means that manifold sufferings such as aging, sickness, and death attend it. 'Why is aging suffering? Because of the suffering of temporal deterioration. Why is sickness suffering? Because of the suffering of the alteration of the great elements. Why is death suffering? Because of the suffering of the destruction of the lifespan. Why is association with what is hated suffering? Because union produces suffering. Why is separation from the beloved suffering? Because separation from the beloved gives rise to suffering. Why is not getting what one seeks suffering? Because the failure of what is sought produces suffering. In brief, why are all five grasping aggregates suffering? Because of the suffering of gross heaviness.' Furthermore, the Samyuktāvadāna-sūtra says: In ancient times, a worldly person went to sea to gather jewels and met with seven perils: first, great winds arose simultaneously from the four directions, blowing and overturning the ship; second, the ship was on the verge of breaking apart and leaking; third, the person was about to fall into the water and die before reaching the shore; fourth, two dragons came ashore wishing to devour him; fifth, upon reaching flat ground, three venomous snakes pursued him wishing to devour him; sixth, on the ground there was hot sand, and running upon it burned and scalded the person's feet; seventh, looking up, he could not see the sun or moon, being in perpetual darkness and unable to tell east from west, which was extremely perilous.