法苑珠林 68.18

68.18

第一就地獄明起不善。依毘曇論云。有五業道。一惡口。二綺語。三貪。四瞋。五邪見。於中惡口綺語及瞋彼受苦時三種現行。惡罵獄卒故惡口現行。即此惡口語不應時。違法非正即落綺語。爾時忿怒即是瞋恚。此三不善地獄現行。若論貪業及與邪見。成就在心而不現行。以彼麁凡未斷煩惱故。貪邪見成就在心。彼處男女各常受苦。無有男女共行邪事。是故無此貪心現行。以常受苦心識暗鈍。不能推求因果有無。是故亦無邪見現行。自餘殺盜妄語兩舌。彼處不行一向是無間。若地獄不有現行貪及邪見業道者。云何說彼成就此二。答煩惱心法未斷已來。雖不現行性常成就。不同身口七支色業。是麁作法。發動方成。無造作處則不說成。故雜心論云。地獄之中無相殺故無殺業道。無受財故無盜業道。無執受女人故無邪婬業道。異想說故名妄語。彼無異想故無妄語。常樂離故無兩舌。為苦所逼故有惡口。不時說故故有綺語。貪及邪見成就不行。

First, explaining the arising of unwholesomeness with respect to the hells. According to the Abhidharma treatises, there are five courses of karma: 1. harsh speech, 2. frivolous speech, 3. covetousness, 4. malice, 5. wrong view. Among them, harsh speech, frivolous speech, and malice are in active operation in these three ways when they undergo suffering. Because they curse the hell wardens, harsh speech is in active operation. This harsh speech, being untimely, contrary to the Dharma, and improper, falls under frivolous speech. Their wrath at that time is malice. These three unwholesome actions are in active operation in the hells. If one speaks of covetous karma and wrong view, their possession exists in the mind but they are not in active operation. Because those coarse worldlings have not yet severed afflictions, covetousness and wrong view are possessed in their minds. Men and women in that place constantly undergo suffering individually; there are no men and women engaging together in sexual misconduct, so there is no active operation of this covetous mind. Because they constantly undergo suffering, their mental consciousness is dim and dull, unable to investigate whether cause and effect exist or not; therefore there is also no active operation of wrong view. The remaining [courses of karma]—killing, stealing, false speech, and divisive speech—do not operate in that place, which is entirely Avīci. If the hells do not have covetousness and wrong view as active courses of karma, why is it said that they possess these two? The answer is: as long as the mental factors of affliction have not yet been severed, although they are not in active operation, they are always inherently possessed. They are not like the corporeal karmas of the seven branches of body and speech, which are coarse actions and are only formed when initiated; where there is no execution, they are not said to be established. Therefore the Saṃyuktābhidharmahṛdaya-śāstra states: Because in the hells there is no mutual killing, there is no course of karma of killing. Because no property is taken, there is no course of karma of stealing. Because no women are held, there is no course of karma of sexual misconduct. Because of speaking with an altered thought it is called false speech; they have no altered thoughts, hence no false speech. Because they constantly desire to be separated, there is no divisive speech. Being oppressed by suffering, there is harsh speech. Because of speaking out of turn, there is frivolous speech. Covetousness and wrong view are possessed, but do not operate.