法苑珠林 83.15

83.15

又佛說馬有八態譬人經云。佛告諸比丘。馬有弊惡八態。何等為八。一態者解羈韁時掣車欲走。二態者車駕跳踉欲齧其人。三態者便舉前兩足掣車而走。四態者便蹋車軨。五態者使人立持軛摩身拶車却行。六態者便傍行斜走。七態者便掣車馳走得值濁泥止住不行。八態者懸[笐-〦+(兜-儿)]餧之熟視不食。其主牽去欲駕之時。遽含噏噬飲食不得。佛言。人亦有弊惡八態。何等為八。一態者聞說經便走不欲樂聽。如馬解羈韁掣車走時。二態者聞說經意不解不知語所趣向。便瞋跳踉不欲樂聞。如馬駕車時跳踉欲齧人時。三態者聞說經便逆不受。如馬舉前兩脚掣車走時。四態者聞說經便罵。如馬蹋車軨時。五態者聞說經便起去。如馬人立持軛摩身拶車却行時。六態者聞說經不肯聽俾頭斜視耳語。如馬傍行斜走時。七態者聞說經。便欲窮難問之。不能相應答便死抵妄語。如馬得濁泥便止不復行。八態者聞說經不肯聽。反念婬泆多求不欲聽受。死入惡道時乃遽欲學問行道。亦不能復得行道。如馬懸[笐-〦+(兜-儿)]餧之熟視不肯食。其主牽去欲駕之。乃遽含噏噬亦不得食。佛言。我說馬有八惡態。人亦有八惡態。如是比丘聞經歡喜作禮而去。

Furthermore, the Sūtra Spoken by the Buddha on the Simile of the Eight Faults of a Horse Compared to Humans says: The Buddha told the monks, "Horses have eight vicious faults. What are the eight? The first fault is that when its halter and reins are loosened, it pulls against the chariot and wants to bolt. The second fault is that when the chariot is harnessed, it leaps about and wants to bite people. The third fault is that it raises its two forelegs, pulls against the chariot, and bolts. The fourth fault is that it kicks the sides of the chariot. The fifth fault is that it rears up on its hind legs while the driver holds the yoke, rubs its body against the chariot, presses against it, and backs up. The sixth fault is that it walks sideways and veers off course. The seventh fault is that it pulls the chariot into a run, but upon reaching muddy quagmires, stops and will not go on. The eighth fault is that when a feed-bag is hung up to feed it, it stares fixedly at it and will not eat; yet when its master leads it away intending to harness it, it suddenly gulps, chews, and snaps at the food, but can no longer eat it. The Buddha said: Humans also have eight vicious faults. What are the eight? The first fault is that when hearing the exposition of a scripture, one bolts away and takes no pleasure in listening, just like the horse that bolts and pulls against the chariot when its halter and reins are loosened. The second fault is that upon hearing the exposition of a scripture, without understanding the meaning and without knowing the direction of the words, one becomes angry, leaps about, and has no desire to listen, just like the horse that leaps about and wants to bite people when harnessed to a chariot. The third fault is that upon hearing the exposition of a scripture, one immediately rebels and refuses to accept it, just like the horse that raises its two forelegs, pulls against the chariot, and bolts. The fourth fault is that upon hearing the exposition of a scripture, one begins to curse, just like the horse that kicks the sides of the chariot. The fifth fault is that upon hearing the exposition of a scripture, one gets up and leaves, just like the horse that rears up while the driver holds the yoke, rubs against the chariot, presses back, and retreats. The sixth fault is that upon hearing the exposition of a scripture, one refuses to listen, tilts one's head, looks sideways, and whispers into others' ears, just like the horse that walks sideways and veers off course. The seventh fault is that upon hearing the exposition of a scripture, one seeks to exhaust it with difficult questions, and when unable to receive a corresponding answer, stubbornly resists and speaks falsely, just like the horse that stops and goes no further upon reaching muddy quagmires. The eighth fault is that upon hearing the exposition of a scripture, one refuses to listen, turning instead to lustful desires and excessive acquisitiveness, unwilling to hear and receive it; only when dying and entering the evil destinies does one hastily wish to study, inquire, and practice the Way, but can no longer practice the Way, just like the horse that stares fixedly and refuses to eat when the feed-bag is hung up, yet when its master leads it away intending to harness it, hastily gulps and chews, but cannot eat it." The Buddha said, "I have spoken of the eight evil faults of horses; humans also have eight evil faults." The monks rejoiced upon hearing the scripture, bowed in homage, and departed.