法苑珠林 87.81

87.81

如薩婆多論。問他人為求受歸趣者。是人為得不。答或有得不得者。如迦尸女瘂不能言。餘人為受者得。自若能言。不得歸戒也。又依大集經云。妊身女人恐胎不安。先受三歸已兒無加害。乃至生後身心具足。善神擁護。問曰。總別云何。答曰。二種皆得。故善見論云。受有兩種。一別受言。我某甲歸依佛。歸依佛竟（法僧亦爾）二總受者。如前受者是也。若師教言歸依佛。弟子答言。不正云歸依弗。若師言佛。弟子言弗不得成。若師及弟子言俱不正者。不成三歸。若師教言歸依佛。弟子答爾。或言不出口。或逐師語不具。又不稱己名字。並不成歸。或中邊二國。言音不同。不相領解者不成。若指事教解者得成。如似夷人好樂殺生戒。師手執其刀用擬畜生。汝自今已去更不得如此殺。汝能持不。胡夷頷頭。答言。好亦得成受戒。

As the Sarvāstivāda-śāstra states: It asks: 'When another person seeks and receives the refuges on someone's behalf, does that person attain them or not?' The answer states: 'There are cases of attaining and not attaining. Like the mute woman of Kāśi who could not speak: when another person received them on her behalf, she attained them. If one can speak oneself, one does not attain the refuges and precepts [by proxy].' Furthermore, according to the Mahāsaṃnipāta-sūtra: 'When a pregnant woman fears that her fetus is unsettled, if she first receives the three refuges, the child will suffer no harm, and even after birth its body and mind will be complete and wholesome deities will protect it.' It asks: 'How are the general and the separate?' The answer states: 'Both kinds are attained.' Therefore the Samantapāsādikā states: 'There are two kinds of receiving: first, separate receiving, saying: "I, so-and-so, take refuge in the Buddha; I have taken refuge in the Buddha" (likewise for the Dharma and the Saṅgha); second, general receiving, which is like the previously explained reception.' If the preceptor instructs, saying 'Take refuge in the Buddha,' and the disciple responds inaccurately, saying 'Take refuge in Fu,' or if the master says 'Buddha' and the disciple says 'Fu', it cannot be accomplished. If the speech of both master and disciple is inaccurate, the three refuges are not accomplished. If the preceptor instructs, saying 'Take refuge in the Buddha,' and the disciple responds 'Yes,' or the words do not come out of the mouth, or one follows the preceptor's words incompletely, or one does not state one's own name, none of these accomplishes refuge. If someone from the central or frontier regions has different speech and pronunciation and they do not comprehend each other, it is not accomplished. If one points to things and instructs them so they understand, it can be accomplished. For example, if a barbarian delights in killing living beings, the preceptor holds a knife in hand, motions toward an animal, and asks, 'From now on, you must never kill like this again; can you keep this?' The barbarian nods his head and answers, 'Good'—this also accomplishes the reception of the precepts.