諸經要集 10.143

10.143

又佛說馬有八態譬人經云。佛告諸比丘。馬有弊惡八態。何等為八。一態者。解羈韁時便掣車欲走。二態者。車駕跳踉欲齧其人。三態者。便舉前兩脚掣車而走。四態者。便蹋車軨。五態者。便人立持軛摩身抄車却行。六態者。便傍行邪走。七態者。便掣車馳走。得值濁泥止住不行。八態者。懸兜餧之熟視不食。其主牽去欲駕之時。遽含噏噬。欲食不得。佛言。人亦有弊惡八態。何等為八。一態者。聞說佛經便走不欲樂聽。如馬解羈韁掣車。走時。二態者。聞說經意不解不知語所趣向。便瞋跳踉不欲樂聞。如馬駕車跳踉欲齧人時。三態者。聞說經便逆不受。如馬舉前兩脚掣車走時。四態者。聞說經便罵。如馬蹋車軨時。五態者。聞說經便起去。如馬人立持軛摩身抄車却行時。六態者。聞說經不肯聽。低頭邪視耳語。如馬傍行邪走時。七態者。聞說經便欲窮難。問之不能相應答。便死抵妄語。如馬得濁泥便止不復行。八態者。聞說經不肯聽。反念婬妷多求不欲聽受。死入惡道時。乃遽欲學問行道。亦不能復得行道。如馬懸兜餧之熟視不肯食。其主牽去欲駕之。乃遽含噏噬。亦不得食。佛言。我說馬有八態惡。人亦有八惡態如是。比丘聞經歡喜作禮而去。

Furthermore, the *Sūtra on the Eight Dispositions of Horses Spoken by the Buddha as an Analogy for Humans* states: The Buddha told the bhikṣus: “Horses have eight vicious dispositions. What are the eight? The first disposition is that when the bridle and reins are loosened, it pulls at the cart and tries to run away. The second disposition is that when harnessed to the cart, it leaps about and tries to bite people. The third disposition is that it raises its front two legs, pulling at the cart and running away. The fourth disposition is that it tramples the chariot railings. The fifth disposition is that it rears up on its hind legs, rubs its body against the yoke, and backs the cart away. The sixth disposition is that it walks sideways and veers off path. The seventh disposition is that it pulls at the cart and runs at full gallop, but when it encounters muddy slough, it stops and refuses to go on. The eighth disposition is that when the nosebag is hung to feed it, it stares fixedly and will not eat; when its master leads it away intending to harness it, it hurriedly takes it into its mouth and tries to bite, wishing to eat but unable to do so. The Buddha said: “Humans also have eight vicious dispositions. What are the eight? The first disposition is that when they hear the Buddhist sūtras expounded, they immediately run away and do not delight in listening, like when the horse, upon the bridle and reins being loosened, pulls at the cart and runs away. The second disposition is that when they hear the sūtras expounded, they do not understand the meaning and do not know the import of the words; they then angrily leap about and do not delight in hearing, like when the horse, harnessed to the cart, leaps about and tries to bite people. The third disposition is that when they hear the sūtras expounded, they immediately reject and do not accept them, like when the horse raises its front two legs, pulling at the cart and running away. The fourth disposition is that when they hear the sūtras expounded, they immediately revile them, like when the horse tramples the chariot railings. The fifth disposition is that when they hear the sūtras expounded, they immediately get up and leave, like when the horse rears up on its hind legs, rubs its body against the yoke, and backs the cart away. The sixth disposition is that when they hear the sūtras expounded, they refuse to listen, lowering their heads, looking askance, and whispering in ears, like when the horse walks sideways and veers off path. The seventh disposition is that when they hear the sūtras expounded, they immediately want to raise difficult questions; when their questions cannot be answered consistently, they stubbornly dispute and speak falsehoods, like when the horse encounters muddy slough, stops, and no longer moves forward. The eighth disposition is that when they hear the sūtras expounded, they refuse to listen, instead pondering lust and dissipation, full of desires and unwilling to listen and accept; when dying and entering the evil destinies, they then hurriedly want to study and practice the Way, but can no longer practice the Way, like when the horse has the nosebag hung to feed it, stares fixedly and refuses to eat, and when its master leads it away intending to harness it, hurriedly takes it into its mouth and chews, but can no longer eat. The Buddha said: “I say that horses have eight evil dispositions, and humans also have eight evil dispositions like this.” Having heard the sūtra, the bhikṣus rejoiced, made obeisance, and departed.