諸經要集 17.8

17.8

述曰。此之一教。有權有實。權則漸誘之訓。以輕脫重。初開無犯。據其障理非無其過。若約實教。輕重俱禁。始末不犯。是名持戒。初據權說者。故未曾有經云。爾時國王太子。名曰祇陀。聞佛所說十善道法果報無窮。長跪叉手。白佛言。佛昔令我受持五戒。今欲還捨。所以者何。五戒法中酒戒難持。畏得罪故。世尊告曰。汝飲酒時為何惡耶。祇陀白佛。國中豪強。時時相率齎持酒食。共相娛樂以致歡樂。自無惡也。何以故。得酒念戒。無放逸故。是故飲酒不行惡也。佛言。善哉善哉。祇陀。汝今已得智慧方便。若世間人能如汝者。終身飲酒有何惡哉。如是行者。乃應生福無有罪也。若人飲酒不起惡業。歡喜心故。不起煩惱。善心因緣受善果報。如持五戒何有失乎。飲酒念戒益增其福。先持五戒。今受十善功德。倍勝十善報也。

To state: This single teaching has the expedient and the real. The expedient is the instruction of gradual inducement, using the light to escape the heavy; initially permitted without transgression, based on the principle of obstruction, it is not without fault. If according to the real teaching, both light and heavy are prohibited, and from beginning to end there is no transgression; this is called upholding the precepts. First, based on the expedient explanation, the Adbhutadharma-sūtra says: At that time, the king's crown prince, named Jeta, heard the Buddha explain that the retribution of the path of the ten virtues is boundless. Kneeling with palms joined, he addressed the Buddha, saying: 'The Buddha formerly had me receive and uphold the five precepts. Now I wish to return and renounce them. Why? Among the rules of the five precepts, the precept against alcohol is difficult to uphold, and I fear incurring fault.' The World-Honoured One told him, saying: 'When you drink alcohol, what evil do you commit?' Jeta addressed the Buddha: 'The mighty and powerful in the kingdom often gather together bringing alcohol and food, entertaining one another to produce joy. In myself, there is no evil. Why? When obtaining alcohol, I remain mindful of the precepts; because there is no negligence, drinking alcohol does not result in evil deeds.' The Buddha said: 'Excellent, excellent, Jeta! You have already attained wisdom and expedient means. If worldly people could be like you, what evil would there be in drinking alcohol for one's whole life? Practitioners like this should engender merit and have no fault. If a person drinks alcohol without giving rise to evil karma, because of a joyful mind, defilements do not arise. Due to the causes and conditions of a wholesome mind, one receives wholesome retributions. As with upholding the five precepts, how could there be any loss? Drinking alcohol while mindful of the precepts further increases one's merit. Having previously upheld the five precepts, now receiving the ten virtues, the merit is doubled compared to the retribution of the ten virtues.'