大宋僧史略 1.34

1.34

The Buddha instituted the vinaya to regulate the internal assembly, like the penal laws of a state, laying down uniform rules. It is not known who first translated vinaya as lü ('statute/monastic code'). According to records, in the gengxu year, the third year of the Jianning era of Emperor Ling of the Han (170 CE), An Shigao first produced one fascicle of the Yijue lü (Vinaya of Decisive Meaning), followed by one fascicle of the Bhikṣu Rules of Restraint. Coming to the Cao-Wei dynasty, the Indian Tripiṭaka master Dharmakāla (rendered here as 'Dharmatime') arrived in Xuchang and Luoyang. Lamenting that monks within the Wei borders had no vinaya standards, in the Jiaping era he and Saṅghavarmā translated the Sifen jiemo (Dharmaguptaka Karmavācanā) and the Sengqi jiexin (Mahāsāṃghika Prātimokṣa Heart). Records say this was the beginning of the monastic precepts and vinaya in this land.