釋氏要覽 1.110

1.110

秦言善宿男。謂離破戒宿故。又梵云。鄔波索迦。唐言近事男。謂親近承事諸佛法故。天竺受五八戒。俗人稱之亦云清信士○瑜伽論云。具足三德一意樂淨。謂於三寶遠離疑惑。圓滿戒法。求出世故。二能作三寶事。三能引發同法○阿含經云。圓滿八支。謂信。戒。施。聽法。受持。解義。如說修行。

In the Qin language, this is 'man of good dwelling', meaning dwelling apart from breaking the precepts. Furthermore, in Sanskrit it is upāsaka; in the Tang language it is 'man who approaches and serves', meaning that he approaches and serves all the Buddhas and the Dharma. In Tianzhu, laymen who receive the five or eight precepts are addressed thus; they are also called 'pure and faithful gentlemen' (upāsaka). / The Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra says: They are endowed with three virtues: first, pure intention, meaning being far removed from doubts regarding the Three Jewels, fulfilling the precepts, and seeking transcendence of the world; second, being able to perform deeds for the Three Jewels; third, being able to inspire fellows in the Dharma. / The Āgama Sūtra says: They fulfill eight factors, namely faith, morality, generosity, listening to the Dharma, receiving and holding it, understanding its meaning, and practicing according to the teaching.