釋氏要覽 1.267

1.267

蓋法衣有三也。一僧伽梨（即大衣也）。二欝多羅僧（即七條也）三安陀會（即五條也。此是三衣也。若呼七條。偏衫。裙。為三衣者。誤之也）。慧上菩薩經云。五條名中著衣。七條名上衣。大衣名眾集時衣○四分律云。應作安陀會。儭體衣。欝多羅僧。僧伽梨。入聚落著○增輝記云。三衣之名。無正翻譯。皆從人強名之也。謂。見安陀會。有五幅。便喚作五條。見欝多羅僧有七幅。便呼為七條。見大衣條數多。故名雜碎衣也。夫大衣者。三衣中主。最為殊勝故。若從用名。入王宮時入聚落時衣也。七條名中價衣。謂不貴大衣不賤五條故。若從用名入眾衣也。五條名下衣。謂在七條下故。若從用名園中行道雜作衣也（園即寺院）○雜阿含經云。修四無量者。並剃除鬚髮服三法衣○僧祇律云。三衣者賢聖沙門之摽幟也○四分律云。三世如來。並著如是衣○智度論云。佛弟子。住於中道。故著三衣○薩婆多論云。欲現未曾有法故。九十六種外道無此三名。為異外道故。著三衣○華嚴經云。為捨離三毒故○戒壇經云五條斷貪。身業也。七條斷嗔。口業也。大衣斷癡。心業也。○增輝記問云。何不增四。咸二。惟三也。答三奇數屬陽。陽能生萬物。今制三衣。表生萬善。取益物之義也。

Dharma robes are threefold: first, the saṃghāṭī (the great robe); second, the uttarāsaṅga (the seven-strip robe); third, the antarvāsa (the five-strip robe. These are the three robes. If one calls the seven-strip robe, the side-panel tunic, and the skirt the three robes, that is an error). The Bodhisattva Jñānottara Sūtra states: "The five-strip robe is called the inner robe, the seven-strip robe is called the upper robe, and the great robe is called the assembly robe." / The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya states: "One should make the antarvāsa, the undergarment worn next to the body; the uttarāsaṅga; and the saṃghāṭī, which is worn when entering settlements." / The Zenghuiji states: "There is no exact translation for the names of the three robes; they are all conventional names forced by people. Seeing that the antarvāsa has five strips of cloth, people call it the five-strip robe; seeing that the uttarāsaṅga has seven strips of cloth, they call it the seven-strip robe; and seeing that the great robe has many strips, it is called the patchwork robe. Now, the great robe is chief among the three robes and is the most supreme; if named according to its use, it is the robe for entering royal palaces and entering settlements. The seven-strip robe is called the middle-value robe, because it is neither as noble as the great robe nor as humble as the five-strip robe; if named according to its use, it is the robe for entering the assembly. The five-strip robe is called the lower robe, because it is below the seven-strip robe; if named according to its use, it is the robe for walking the path in the garden and performing miscellaneous chores (the garden is the monastery)." / The Saṃyuktāgama states: "Those who cultivate the four immeasurables shave their hair and beards and wear the three Dharma robes." / The Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya states: "The three robes are the insignia of the worthy and noble śramaṇas." / The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya states: "The Tathāgatas of the three periods of time all wear such robes." / The Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa states: "Disciples of the Buddha abide in the Middle Way, and therefore wear the three robes." / The Sarvāstivāda-śāstra states: "To manifest the unprecedented Dharma, since the ninety-six kinds of non-Buddhists lack these three names, one wears the three robes to distinguish oneself from non-Buddhists." / The Avataṃsaka Sūtra states: "It is for relinquishing the three poisons." / The Jietan jing states: "The five strips sever greed, which is karma of the body; the seven strips sever anger, which is karma of speech; the great robe severs delusion, which is karma of the mind." / The Zenghuiji asks: "Why not increase to four or reduce to two, but only three?" It answers: "Three is an odd number and belongs to yang; yang can generate the myriad things. Now instituting the three robes symbolizes the generation of the myriad goods, taking the meaning of benefiting living beings."