釋氏要覽 1.332

1.332

五分云。佛於鹿苑度五俱隣人間已有六羅漢故。次為耶舍父母最先授三歸依也釋云。歸者趣也。依者投也○薩婆多云。以三寶為所歸境欲令救護不得侵凌故○顯宗論云。救濟義。以歸依彼。能息無邊生死苦輪大怖畏故○毘尼母云。有五種三歸。一翻邪。二五戒。三八戒。四十戒。五具足戒○薩婆多論問云。若不受三歸依者。得受五戒否。答不得。要先受三歸。方得五戒○阿含經云。於受歸戒前先須懺悔。然後受三歸。正是戒體後三結示戒所歸○優婆塞戒經云。長者善生白佛言。先說有來乞戒者。先教三歸。後施與戒云何。佛言為破諸苦斷煩惱受於無上寂滅之樂。以是因緣。先受歸依也。云何三歸。夫佛為能說壞煩惱因得正解也。法是壞煩惱因真實解也。僧者稟受破煩惱因得正解也○希有校量功德經。云若三千大千世界滿中如來如稻麻竹葦。若人四事供養。滿二萬歲。諸佛滅後。各起寶塔復以香華種種供養。其福雖多。不如有人以淳淨心。歸依佛法僧三寶。所得功德。

The Mahīśāsaka [Vinaya] states: "The Buddha converted the five Kauṇḍinyas in the Deer Park, so that there were already six arhats in the world. Next, he first conferred the Three Refuges upon the parents of Yaśas." In explanation, it is said: "'Going for' (gui) means tending toward; 'refuge' (yi) means casting oneself upon." The Sarvāstivāda states: "Taking the Three Jewels as the object of refuge is wishing to be saved and protected [by them] so as not to be violated or oppressed." The Saṃyuktābhidharma-hṛdaya-śāstra states: "It has the meaning of rescue and salvation, because by taking refuge in them, one can extinguish the great terrors of the endless, painful wheel of birth and death." The Vinayamātṛkā states: "There are five kinds of Three Refuges: first, overturning heresy; second, the five precepts; third, the eight precepts; fourth, the ten precepts; fifth, the complete precepts." The Sarvāstivāda-śāstra asks: "If one does not receive the Three Refuges, can one receive the five precepts?" The answer is: "One cannot. One must first receive the Three Refuges, and only then can one obtain the five precepts." The Āgama Sūtra states: "Prior to receiving the refuge precepts, one must first repent; only then does one receive the Three Refuges, which are precisely the precept-substance. Thereafter, the three conclusions show where the precepts take refuge." The Upāsaka-śīla Sūtra states: "The elder Sujāta addressed the Buddha, saying: 'It was previously said that if someone comes begging for the precepts, one should first teach the Three Refuges, and only afterward bestow the precepts. Why is this?' The Buddha said: 'It is for the sake of destroying all sufferings, severing defilements, and receiving the unsurpassed bliss of extinction. Due to these causes and conditions, one first receives the refuges. What are the Three Refuges? The Buddha is the one who can explain the cause of destroying defilements so that one attains right understanding. The Dharma is the true understanding that is the cause of destroying defilements. The Saṃgha is the one who receives and adheres to the cause of destroying defilements, attaining right understanding.'" The Sūtra on Comparing the Merits of the Rare states: "If the great trichiliocosm were filled with Tathāgatas as thick as rice, hemp, bamboo, and reeds, and if someone were to make offerings of the four requisites to them for a full twenty thousand years, and after the parinirvāṇa of the Buddhas, erect jeweled stūpas for each and further make various offerings with fragrant flowers—though their merit would be great, it would not equal the merit obtained by a person who, with a pure and simple mind, takes refuge in the Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Saṃgha."