釋氏要覽 1.336

1.336

即前五戒。第六不坐高廣大床。七不着華鬘瓔珞。不用香油塗身熏衣。八不自歌舞。不得輒往觀聽九不過中食（此戒俗人受。從今旦至明旦不犯為要期也）此八戒。名八關齋戒。言關者閉也禁也。謂禁閉八罪不犯故○毘婆沙論云。夫齋者以過中不食為體。以八事助成齋體。共相支持名八支齋法。是故言八。不言九也○文殊問經云。世間菩薩戒。八戒是乎○菩薩處胎經云。八關齋戒者。是諸佛父母也○毘婆沙論云。八戒名近住謂近羅漢住。故又名長養。謂長養薄少善根。有情。令其善根。增多故。如第六戒云。不坐高廣大床者。阿含經云。床梐下足。高尺六非高也。闊四尺非廣也。長八尺非大也。但過此量者。名高廣大床也。僧祇律云。有二種。一高大名高。二妙好名高。又八種謂金銀牙角辟支羅漢及僧床等（前納體貴後納人勝）○問俗人受此戒者。着何服飾。答婆沙云。着常所受用衣服皆得。問此人何眾攝。答報恩經云。以無終身戒。不名優婆塞但名中間人（謂在七眾下。不受戒俗人上也。名中間人）又名近住○順正理論云。前四是尸羅支。由此離性罪故。次一是不放逸支。謂若飲酒心。則放逸必無能護諸支故。後後是森約支。謂防憍逸隨順厭心。能證律儀故。名八支戒。

These are the aforementioned five precepts, with the sixth: not sitting on high, broad, or large beds; seventh: not wearing flower garlands or jeweled necklaces, and not using fragrant oils to smear the body or scent the clothes; eighth: not singing or dancing oneself, and not willfully going to watch or listen; ninth: not eating past midday. (When laypeople receive these precepts, the prescribed term is not violating them from this morning until tomorrow morning.) These eight precepts are called the eightfold fasting precepts (aṣṭāṅga-poṣadha). 'Fast/barrier' (guan) means closing and forbidding, meaning that it forbids and closes off the eight offenses so that they are not violated. The Vibhāṣā-śāstra states: "The fast takes not eating past midday as its essence, with the eight items aiding in accomplishing the essence of the fast. Mutually supporting one another, they are called the method of the eight-limbed fast. Therefore, it speaks of eight, not nine." The Mañjuśrīparipṛcchā Sūtra states: "Are the eight precepts the mundane bodhisattva precepts?" The Bodhisattvagarbhastha Sūtra states: "The eightfold fasting precepts are the parents of all Buddhas." The Vibhāṣā-śāstra states: "The eight precepts are called 'dwelling near' (upavāsa), meaning that one dwells near the arhats. They are also called 'nurturing' (poṣadha), meaning that they nurture the meager wholesome roots of sentient beings, causing their wholesome roots to increase and multiply." As for the sixth precept, "not sitting on high, broad, or large beds," the Āgama Sūtra states: "The bed-frame legs being one cubit and six inches high is not high; four cubits wide is not broad; eight cubits long is not large. Only that which exceeds these dimensions is called a high, broad, or large bed." The Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya states: "There are two kinds: first, high and large is called high; second, wondrous and fine is called high. Furthermore, there are eight kinds, namely gold, silver, ivory, horn, beds for pratyekabuddhas, arhats, the Saṃgha, and so forth." (The former takes the substance as noble; the latter takes the person as superior.) Question: "When laypeople receive these precepts, what clothing and adornments do they wear?" Answer: "The Vibhāṣā states: 'Wearing the clothes one normally uses is in all cases permissible.'" Question: "To which assembly does such a person belong?" Answer: "The Bao'en jing states: 'Because they lack a lifelong precept, they are not called upāsakas, but merely intermediate persons' (meaning below the seven assemblies and above unordained laypeople; hence called intermediate persons). They are also called 'those dwelling near' (upavāsas). The Nyāyānusāra states: "The first four are the limbs of śīla, because through them one is freed from natural offenses. The next one is the limb of non-negligence, because if one drinks alcohol, the mind becomes negligent and can never protect the various limbs. The subsequent ones are the limbs of restraint, meaning they prevent arrogance and negligence, accord with the mind of revulsion, and are able to realize moral discipline. Hence, they are called the eight-limbed precepts."