釋氏要覽 1.423

1.423

（觀去聲。凡喫粥食。先須端想。誦之訖方食。蓋自警也）。一計工多少。量彼來處（智度論云。此食墾植收穫舂磨淘汰炊煑及成。用工甚多。一鉢之飯。作夫流汗。食少汗多○僧祇律云。施主減其妻子之分求福故施）。二忖己德行全缺應供（毘尼母云。若不坐禪誦經。營三寶事。不持戒。受人信施為施。所墮缺。則不宜全則可也）。三防心離過貪等為宗（明了論疏云。出家先須防心三過謂於上味食起貪下味食起嗔。中味食起癡。以此不知慚愧。隨三惡道）。四正事良藥為療形苦（形苦者。即飢渴為主病。四百四病為客病。故須以食為醫療用扶持之。若食粥可云不正良藥）。五為成道業故應受此食（不食成病。道業何從。故假叚食資身也。古人云。先結欵狀既食不可忘於修道）。

(Guan in the falling tone. Whenever eating gruel or food, one must first establish correct mindfulness and recite these before eating; this is to admonish oneself). First, consider the amount of work, and measure whence it came (The Zhidu lun says: 'This food required ploughing, planting, harvesting, pounding, grinding, sifting, boiling, and cooking until ready; the labour used was very great. For a single bowl of food, the laborers shed sweat; the food is little, but the sweat is much.' The Sengqi lü says: 'The donor reduces the portion of his wife and children to seek merit, and therefore gives'). Second, reflect on one's own virtues and conduct, whether complete or lacking, to respond to the offering (The Pinimu says: 'If one does not sit in meditation, recite scriptures, or attend to the affairs of the Three Jewels, and does not keep the precepts, then receiving people's offerings of faith will cause one to fall into deficiency; then it is not fitting; only when complete is it permissible'). Third, guard the mind against faults, taking greed and the like as the chief concern (The Mingliao lun shu says: 'Having renounced the household life, one must first guard the mind against three faults: giving rise to greed over food of superior flavour, giving rise to anger over food of inferior flavour, and giving rise to delusion over food of middling flavour. Through this, not knowing shame, one follows the three evil destinies'). Fourth, properly treat it as good medicine to heal bodily suffering (Bodily suffering refers to hunger and thirst as the primary illness, and the four hundred and four diseases as the secondary illnesses; therefore, one must use food as medicine to support it. If eating gruel, it can be called a secondary good medicine). Fifth, accept this food in order to accomplish the path (If one does not eat, illness arises; whence could the path be pursued? Therefore, one relies on material food to nourish the body. The ancients said: 'First draw up the pledge; having eaten, one must not forget to cultivate the path').