釋氏要覽 1.435

1.435

善見云。分衛。此云乞食○僧祇云。乞食。分施僧尼。衛護令修道業。故云分衛○法集云。出家為成道行乞食者破一切（憍慢）故○十二頭陀經云。食有三種。一受請食。二眾僧食。三常乞食。若前二食起諸漏因緣。所以者何。受請食者。若得請便言我有福德好人。若不請則嫌恨彼。或自鄙薄是貪憂法則能遮道。若僧食者當隨眾法斷事擯人料理僧事心則散亂妨廢行道有如是等惱亂因緣應受乞食法○寶雲經云。凡乞食分為四分。一分奉同梵行者。一與窮乞人。一與諸鬼神。一分自食○寶雨經云。成就十法名乞食。一為攝受諸有情。二為次第。三為不疲厭。四知足。五為分布。六為不耽嗜。七為知量。八為善品現前。九為善根圓滿。十為離我執○肇法師云。乞食略有四意。一為福利群生。二為折伏憍慢。三為知身有苦。四為除去滯著。

The Samantapāsādikā says: "Fenwei (分衛) is called 'begging for food' here [in Chinese]." The Mahāsāṃghika[-vinaya] says: "Begging for food: one apportions (fen 分) and gives to monks and nuns, and protects and guards (wei 衛) them, enabling them to cultivate the path's practice; hence it is called fenwei." The Fajijing says: "Those who go forth to accomplish the path and practice begging for food do so to shatter all arrogance." The Twelve Dhūtas Sūtra says: "There are three kinds of food: first, food received through invitation; second, the Saṃgha's communal food; third, constant begging for food. The first two kinds of food give rise to conditions for the defilements (āsrava). Why is this? As for those who receive invited food, if they receive an invitation they say, 'I am a virtuous and good person'; if they are not invited, they resent the donors or disparage themselves. These dharmas of greed and sorrow can obstruct the path. As for the Saṃgha's food, one must follow the communal rules in deciding affairs, expelling people, and attending to monastic matters; one's mind then becomes scattered and distracted, hindering and abandoning the practice of the path. Since there are such disturbing conditions, one should observe the practice of begging for food." The Ratnamegha Sūtra says: "In general, when begging for food, divide it into four portions: one portion is offered to one's fellow celibate practitioners; one is given to the poor and beggars; one is given to ghosts and spirits; and one portion is eaten by oneself." The Ratnamegha Sūtra says: "Fulfilling ten dharmas is called begging for food: first, to gather in sentient beings; second, to proceed in regular order; third, not to grow weary; fourth, to know contentment; fifth, to distribute it; sixth, not to indulge in sensory cravings; seventh, to know moderation; eighth, to make wholesome qualities manifest; ninth, to bring wholesome roots to completion; tenth, to abandon self-grasping." Master [Seng]zhao says: "Begging for food has roughly four meanings: first, to bring blessing and benefit to all living beings; second, to subdue arrogance; third, to know that the body is subject to suffering; fourth, to remove clinging and attachment."