釋氏要覽 2.268

2.268

法苑珠林云。夫論僧寶者。謂。禁戒守真威儀出俗圖方外以發心。棄世間而立法。宮榮無以動其意。親屬莫能累其想。弘道以報四恩。育德以資三有。高越人天。重逾金王。稱為僧寶○順正理論云。僧有五種。一無恥僧。謂毀戒披法服者。二瘂羊僧。謂於三藏教不了達。無聽說用。三朋黨僧。謂於遊散營務鬪諍。善巧結搆。此三種多分造非法業。四世俗僧謂善異生此通作法非法業。五勝義僧。謂。四果此定不容造非法業○十輪經云。僧有二種。一勝義僧。即佛菩薩二乘等。般若燈論云。四果人。謂與戒定慧解脫解脫知見和合故。名僧也。

The Fayuan zhulin states: 'When discussing the Jewel of the Saṅgha, it refers to observing the prohibitions and keeping purity, whose deportment transcends the secular, resolving to aim beyond the world, and renouncing mundane society to establish the Dharma. Palace splendor cannot sway their minds, and relatives cannot encumber their thoughts. They propagate the Way to repay the four kindnesses and cultivate virtue to assist the three realms of existence. Transcending humans and devas, and prized above universal monarchs, they are called the Jewel of the Saṅgha.' The Nyāyānusāra states: 'There are five kinds of saṅgha: First, the shameless saṅgha, meaning those who break the precepts yet don the Dharma robes. Second, the dumb-sheep saṅgha, meaning those who do not understand the teachings of the Tripiṭaka and have no capacity for listening or expounding. Third, the factional saṅgha, meaning those who are skilled in forming cliques for wandering, business affairs, and disputes. These three kinds mostly generate unwholesome karma. Fourth, the conventional saṅgha, meaning virtuous ordinary persons; these commit both wholesome and unwholesome karma. Fifth, the ultimate saṅgha, meaning the four fruits; these definitely cannot generate unwholesome karma.' The Daśacakra-sūtra states: 'There are two kinds of saṅgha: First, the ultimate saṅgha, which refers to the Buddhas, bodhisattvas, the two vehicles, and so on.' The Prajñāpradīpa-śāstra states: 'Persons of the four fruits are called saṅgha because they are in harmony with morality, concentration, wisdom, liberation, and the knowledge and vision of liberation.'