釋氏要覽 2.160

2.160

The Sūtra on the Nine Untimely Deaths says: The Buddha addressed the monks, 'There are nine causes and conditions by which one dies an untimely death before one's life is exhausted: first, eating what should not be eaten (meaning food that is unsuitable, or eating again when the stomach is unsettled); second, not measuring one's food (lacking moderation); third, eating unfamiliar food (meaning going to another place and forcing oneself to eat before knowing the nature of the food); fourth, not digesting food [before eating again] (meaning eating again before the previous food has digested); fifth, holding back what has matured (meaning forcibly suppressing urination and defecation); sixth, not upholding the precepts (meaning breaking the five precepts, falling ill, and meeting with legal punishments from the authorities, etc.); seventh, keeping company with bad acquaintances; eighth, entering villages at improper times (meaning entering cities, markets, and people's homes at improper times, either too early or too late at night); ninth, not avoiding what should be avoided (meaning galloping oxen, runaway horses, rushing carts, drunkards, fierce dogs, etc.).'