一切經音義 1.169

1.169

旃荼羅（梵語也上之然反次宅加反正梵音云奴雅反經文作荼音不切也古云旃陀羅皆訛略也西域記云屠膾主殺守獄之人也彼國常法制勒此類行則闢於路左執持破竹或復搖鈴打擊為聲標顯自身恐悞觸突淨行之人若不如此國有嚴刑王則治罰此人彰淨穢有異）。

旃荼羅 (Sanskrit. The first has the fanqie 之然 [zhī]. The next has the fanqie 宅加 [chá]. The correct Sanskrit sound has the fanqie 奴雅 [ṇa]. The sūtra text uses 荼, which is not precise in sound. The ancient rendering of 旃陀羅 [caṇḍāla] is in both cases an erroneous abbreviation. The Xiyu ji says: 'Butchers, executioners, and prison guards. According to the standard law of that country, when members of this class walk, they must keep to the left side of the road, carrying cracked bamboo or ringing bells to make a sound, making themselves conspicuous lest they accidentally bump into pure practitioners. If they do not do so, the state has severe penalties and the king punishes them, making clear the distinction between pure and impure').