一切經音義 23.168

23.168

善知識者是我師傅（傅府遇反。師傅者尚書周官有三公三孤。言三公者謂太師太傅太保。師謂天子所師。傅謂傅相天子。保謂保安天子於德義。此公之位佐王論道以經緯國事和理陰陽有德行者乃堪也。三孤謂少師少傅少保。孤特也言卑於三公。尊於六卿。持置此三人也。玉篇曰傅猶於附如以脂粉塗附於面益乎姿質也。今案所喻雖舉師傅義通於保。謂求道者得善友益已猶天子有三公三孤佐弼之）。

"Good spiritual friends are my masters and tutors" (Fù [傅] is fu + yu fan. As for "masters and tutors," the "Offices of Zhou" in the Shangshu has the Three Dukes and the Three Solitaries. The Three Dukes refers to the Grand Master, the Grand Tutor, and the Grand Guardian. The "Master" refers to the one who instructs the Son of Heaven; the "Tutor" refers to the one who assists the Son of Heaven; the "Guardian" refers to the one who preserves and protects the Son of Heaven in virtue and righteousness. This rank of Duke assists the King in discussing the Way to regulate affairs of state and harmonize yin and yang; only those of virtuous conduct are capable of it. The Three Solitaries refers to the Junior Master, the Junior Tutor, and the Junior Guardian. "Solitary" means special; it means they are subordinate to the Three Dukes, yet superior to the Six Ministers; these three persons are established in this manner. The Yupian states: "Fù is like 'to attach' [fù]; just as rouge and powder are applied and attached to the face to enhance one's natural looks." Now, examining what is metaphorized: although it mentions masters and tutors, its meaning extends to the guardian, meaning that when a seeker of the Way gains good friends who benefit oneself, it is just like the Son of Heaven having the Three Dukes and the Three Solitaries to assist and support him).