一切經音義 27.356

27.356

商估賈（上始羊反。說文行賣也。玉篇通四方之珍異曰𧶜旅有作商商量也非此義。估音公戶反。字書無此字唯尒雅郭璞音義釋言注中𧶜賈作此字。切韻估市稅也賈說文加雅反。坐賣也。周禮九職六曰司市掌以𧶜賈貨鄭玄及玉篇通物曰𧶜坐賣日賈白虎通𧶜之言商商其遠近通四方之物以聚之也。賈者固也言物以待民來希其利也。賈亦通語耳故左傳荀罃之在[林/一/几]也鄭賈人有將寘諸褚中以出史記陽翟賈人往來販賤賣貴是也）。

商估賈 (Traveling merchants, traders, and shopkeepers; the upper character has the fanqie shǐ-yáng [shāng]. The Shuowen says: "Traveling to sell." The Yupian says: "Circulating the rare and exotic goods of the four directions is called shānglǚ (traveling merchant)." Some write 商, meaning to deliberate, which is not the sense here. 估 is gōng-hù fanqie [gǔ]; this character does not occur in character dictionaries, appearing only in Guo Pu's commentary on the Erya 'Shiyan' as 𧶜賈. The Qieyun says: "估 means market tax." 賈 has the fanqie jiā-yǎ in the Shuowen: "Sitting to sell." The Zhouli on the nine vocations says: "The sixth is the director of markets, managing goods through circulating merchants (shāng) and resident traders (jiǎ)." Zheng Xuan and the Yupian say: "Circulating goods is called shāng; sitting to sell is called jiǎ." The Baihu tong says: "Shāng means to estimate (shāng); estimating distances to circulate goods of the four directions and gather them together. Jiǎ means fixed (gù), keeping goods waiting for people to come in hopes of profit." Jiǎ is also a general term, hence the Zuo zhuan says: "When Xun Ying was in Chu, a merchant of Zheng intended to put him in a sack and smuggle him out"; and the Shiji says: "The merchants of Yangdi traveled back and forth buying cheap and selling dear"; this is that).