一切經音義 27.474

27.474

憍曇彌（正言喬答彌。古云憍曇彌。又言瞿曇。皆訛略。正云憍答摩。釋迦為姓。瞿曇是望。釋迦帝王歷代相承。逆賊中興篡居國位。賊王恐奪社稷。遂誅釋迦之種殄滅近親令無胤嗣。時有仙人遍觀貴族。見有娠孕者後必誕男乃預陳詞冀將繼統。母允其請。後果生男與仙長至髫年釋星還現。賊王恐懼。尋訪所居知居山中。伺仙不在密令擒捉。長竿穿之告示國人令息異意。仙人還室不見其子。乘急追訪覩其若斯。乃作神通救之。知命不濟乃降微雨令少醒覺化現一女勸令交會。必若不從能姓便絕。兒從父誨乃共通交遺體既流隨染泥土。仙人收取牛糞裏之置甘蔗園中日暖光炙時滿十月變成一男。儀冠不羣精神絕異。仙人還養復得為王。自此釋迦重得繼位。故瞿曇者此云甘蔗種。或云日炙種。釋迦能姓類極多。瞿曇釋迦最為貴族嫡胤相繼恒守尊高。若毀之曰牛糞種泥土種故云儞瞿曇姓。摩是男聲佛之氏望毀云喬答摩。彌者女聲。呼佛姨母故曰喬答彌也）。

憍曇彌 (Properly Gautami. Anciently rendered Jiaotanmi, or Gautama, which are both erroneous abbreviations. Properly it is Gautama; Śākya is the clan name, and Gautama is the prominent family lineage. The Śākya kings succeeded each other for generations. A rebel arose in their midst and usurped the throne. The rebel king feared the kingdom would be retaken, so he slaughtered the Śākya clan and exterminated all near kin to leave no heir. At that time, a ṛṣi surveyed the nobility and saw a pregnant woman who would surely give birth to a boy; he petitioned in advance, hoping the child would continue the royal lineage. The mother granted his request. Later, she gave birth to a boy, whom the ṛṣi raised. When the boy reached childhood, the Śākya constellation reappeared. The rebel king was terrified and searched for where the child lived, discovering he was in the mountains. Waiting until the ṛṣi was absent, he secretly ordered the boy captured, impaled on a long pole, and displayed to the populace to quell dissent. When the ṛṣi returned and found his son gone, he tracked him down urgently and saw him like this. He used spiritual powers to rescue him, but knowing his life could not be saved, he sent down gentle rain to awaken him slightly, conjured a woman, and urged him to mate with her, saying: "If you do not comply, the Śākya lineage will be broken." The son obeyed his father's instruction and engaged in union; his essence fell and was mingled with the soil. The ṛṣi gathered it, wrapped it in cow dung, and placed it in a sugar-cane garden. Warmed by the sun's rays, when ten months were completed, it transformed into a boy whose appearance was extraordinary and whose spirit was incomparable. The ṛṣi raised him, and he became king. From then on, the Śākyas once again held the throne. Therefore, Gautama is translated here as "Sugar-Cane Lineage" or "Sun-Warmed Lineage". The branches of the Śākya clan are very numerous, and the Gautama-Śākya is the most noble, continuing in direct succession and preserving supreme status. If insulted, they are called "Cow-Dung Lineage" or "Mud-Earth Lineage", hence the address "You, Gautama". The syllable -ma is masculine, the Buddha's family lineage, addressed derisively as Gautama. The syllable -mī is feminine, used to address the Buddha's maternal aunt, hence called Gautamī).