一切經音義 3.87

3.87

臭穢（上昌呪反說文云禽走臭而知其跡者犬也從犬從自自古鼻字也象形今之俗從死作臰非也下威衛反玉篇不清潔也韻英穢惡也或從食作饖飲臭也說文從禾歲聲也）。

臭穢 (the upper character is *chāng* + *zhòu* [fanqie: chòu]; the Shuowen jiezi says: "When beasts flee, that which tracks them by scent is the hound (quǎn); derived from 'quǎn' (hound) and 'zì' (self/nose); 'zì' is an ancient character for 'bí' (nose), a pictograph." The popular form nowadays written with 'sǐ' (dead) as 臰 is incorrect. The lower character is *wēi* + *wèi* [fanqie: wèi]; the Yupian says: "Not clean." The Yunying says: "Foul and evil." Sometimes written with 'shí' (food) as 饖, meaning soured food or drink. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Derived from 'hé' (grain) with 'suì' as phonetic").