一切經音義 47.211

47.211

鄔波拕耶（梵語也上烏古反下拕音徒我反此云親教或言郁波地耶夜亦云近誦以弟子年小不離於師常隨常近受經不誦也舊云和上或云和闍皆于闐等諸國語訛也義譯云知罪知無罪為和上也）。

Upādhyāya (鄔波拕耶: Sanskrit. The first character is fanqie 烏 + 古; the second is fanqie 徒 + 我. Here it means 'intimate instructor' [親教]. It is also written as yubadipaye [郁波地耶夜], also rendered as 'one who recites nearby' [近誦], because disciples when young never leave their preceptor and constantly accompany and remain near him to receive scriptures without reciting them alone. The older terms héshang [和上] or héshē [和闍] were dialectal corruptions from Khotan and other regions. The semantic translation 'one who knows guilt and guiltlessness' constitutes the meaning of preceptor).