一切經音義 6.152

6.152

地獄（虐錄反急就章云皐陶始造獄堯臣名也玉篇云囚繫之所因名為獄杜預注周禮云爭財曰訟爭罪曰獄風俗通云三王為獄夏曰夏臺殷曰羑里周曰囹圄自秦漢已還通名為獄說文云獄确也确音苦角反獄字從犾魚斤反二犬相嚙中心言者訟也會意字二犬所以守也經言地獄者冥司幽繫之所也在世界之下故云地獄案俱舍論頌云　此下過二萬　無間深廣周　上七捺（奴割反）洛迦八增皆十六　謂塘（音唐）煨（烏雷反）屍冀鋒刃烈河增各住彼四方餘八寒地獄此皆大地獄名也）。

地獄: Pronounced 虐 + 錄 fanqie. The Ji Jiu Zhang says: “Gaoyao first instituted prisons; the name of a minister of Yao.” The Yupian says: “The place where prisoners are bound; hence called 獄.” Du Yu's commentary on the Zhouli says: “Disputes over wealth are called 訟; disputes over crime are called 獄.” The Fengsu tong says: “The Three Kings instituted prisons: Xia called it Xiatai, Yin called it Youli, and Zhou called it Lingyu. From the Qin and Han onward, they have universally been named 獄.” The Shuowen says: “獄 means firm (確); 確 is pronounced 苦 + 角 fanqie. The character 獄 is formed from 犾 (pronounced 魚 + 斤 fanqie), two dogs biting each other, with 言 in the center, which means litigation; an ideogram; the two dogs are what guard it.” When the sūtras speak of ‘hells’ (地獄), they refer to the places of dark imprisonment under the unseen magistracy; because they are located beneath the world, they are called ‘earth-prisons’ (地獄). Consider the verse in the Abhidharmakośa-bhāṣya: / ‘Twenty thousand [yojanas] below this, / Deep and vast all around, is Avīci; / Above it are the seven narakas (捺 pronounced 奴 + 割 fanqie); / The eight secondary [hells] each number sixteen: / That is, the burning embers (塘 pronounced 唐; 煨 pronounced 烏 + 雷 fanqie), corpse mud, / Razor-blade mountain, and boiling river; / These additions each reside in their four directions. / The remaining eight are the cold hells.’ / These are all names of the great hells.