一切經音義 6.231

6.231

呵諫（加鴈反鄭玄注周禮云諫正也以道正人也尚書云后從諫則聖白虎通云諫者間也更也是非相間革更其行人懷五常故諫有五所謂諷諫從諫規諫指諫譎諫等是也說文亦云諫正也從言柬音間聲也）。

呵諫 (remonstrating: [jiàn is pronounced with the fanqie] 加鴈. Zheng Xuan's commentary to the Rites of Zhou says: 'Jiàn (諫) means to rectify; to rectify people by means of the Dao.' The Classic of Documents says: 'If the ruler follows remonstrance, he becomes sagely.' The Baihu tong says: 'Jiàn means to intervene (間); it means to alter (更); when right and wrong intervene, one changes and reforms one's conduct. A person harbors the five constants, therefore remonstrance has five types, namely: remonstrance through insinuation, compliant remonstrance, regulatory remonstrance, pointed remonstrance, and subtle/candid remonstrance.' The Shuowen jiezi also says: 'Jiàn means to rectify; it derives from 言 with 柬 [間] as phonetic.')