一切經音義 61.41

61.41

孤惸（上音姑正體字也考聲云孤獨也負也遠也古今正字從孑孑音結從柧省聲柧音同上下葵營反亦正體字也下從子字意也古文從卂作㷀孔注尚書云惸單也鄭注周禮云無兄弟曰惸古今正字從女作嬛）。

Orphaned and solitary (孤惸): The first character has the pronunciation of 姑 and is the standard form; the Kaosheng states that 孤 means solitary, abandoned, and distanced. In the Gujin zhengzi, it is formed with the solitary radical (孑, pronounced 結) and the abbreviated 柧 as the phonetic element (柧 having the same pronunciation as above). The second character has the fanqie 葵 (k-) plus 營 (-ing), which is also the standard form; it has the child radical (子) below, conveying the semantic sense. In the ancient script, it is written with 卂 as 㷀. Kong [Anguo]'s commentary on the Shangshu states that 惸 means single and alone. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the Zhouli states that having no brothers is called 惸. The Gujin zhengzi writes it with the female radical (女) as 嬛.