一切經音義 62.303

62.303

坰野（上癸營反毛詩傳云垧遠也說文作冂云邑外謂之郊郊外謂之野野外謂之林林外謂之冂象遠界也又從口作冋眾國邑也俗從土作垌也）。

坰野 ('outer wilds and wilderness'): the first character is [pronounced] with the fanqie 癸營. The Mao Commentary on the Shijing says: '垧 (jiōng) means distant.' The Shuowen writes it as 冂 and says: 'Outside a settlement is called the suburbs (郊); outside the suburbs is called the wilderness (野); outside the wilderness is called the forest (林); outside the forest is called 冂. It depicts distant borders.' It is also written with 口 as 冋, meaning multiple states and settlements. Popular usage writes it with 土 (earth) as 垌.