一切經音義 39

English (machine translation) 39

Language: English

39.1

Compiled by the text-translating śramaṇa Huilin

Amoghapāśa-sūtra, thirty fascicles;
Amoghapāśa-sūtra, one fascicle (now divided into two fascicles);
Amoghapāśa-sūtra, three fascicles (now combined into two fascicles);
Amoghapāśa-mantra-sūtra, one fascicle;
Amoghapāśa-divine-mantra-sūtra, one fascicle;
Avalokiteśvara-sādhana-sūtra, one fascicle.
The above six sūtras, comprising thirty-seven fascicles, share the pronunciations in this fascicle.

39.3

Amoghapāśa-sūtra, thirty fascicles

39.4

Fascicle One:
雜沓 (confused and crowded; the second character has the fanqie [潭合, tán-hé]. Gu Yewang says: '沓 is like overlapping.' We examine: 雜沓 describes a bustling and crowded appearance. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 水 (water) and 日 (sun),' pronounced yuè).
耎草 (soft grass; the first character has the fanqie [爇兖, ruò-yǎn]. Gu Yewang says: '耎 means tender and soft.' In sūtras it is also written with 車 as 軟 or 輭, both of which are incorrect; vulgarly it is also written [月*(而/火)], and also as 愞).
經云陀羅尼真言 (the sūtra says: 'dhāraṇī-mantra' [陀羅尼真言]; this is an error of redundant repetition, because when the sūtra was translated, the scribe was unclear about the phrasing. According to Sanskrit, 'dhāraṇī' in Tang language means 'holding an oath' [chí méng] or 'all-retaining' [zǒng chí]. We examine: 'holding an oath' refers to words of truth; ancient translations rendered it as 'mantra' [zhòu], which refers precisely to establishing an oath and swearing non-dual, truthful words. To adhere to this pact together without daring to transgress is called 'holding an oath'; in popular speech people still say 'to make a sworn curse together,' which carries this meaning. 'True words' [zhēnyán, mantra] means words that are truthful and non-dual; how is it any different from the preceding meaning?).
䠆跪 (kneeling down; the first character has the fanqie [文良, wén-liáng]. The Fangyan says: 'The Eastern Commandery calls kneeling 䠆跪.' The Guangya says: '䠆𨂣 means bowing.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Derived from 足 (foot) with 長 phonetic.' 𨂣 is pronounced wù. The second character has the fanqie [逵位, kuí-wèi]; it means kneeling on the ground with both knees).
謗[讟-士+出] (slander and resentment; the second character has the fanqie [同鹿, tóng-lù]. Du [Yu]'s commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: '[讟-士+出] means to slander.' The Fangyan says: 'To feel pain.' Guo [Pu]'s commentary says: 'To slander, falsely accuse, and bitterly resent.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 誩 with 𧷓 phonetic.' 誩 is pronounced jìng; 𧷓 is pronounced róng sù).
齗腭 (gums and palate; the first character has the fanqie [魚斤, yú-jīn]. Sūtra manuscripts sometimes write 斷, which is a scribal error and incorrect. The Yunquan says: '齗 refers to the flesh on the roots of the teeth.' The second character has the fanqie [五各, wǔ-gè]. The Kaosheng says: 'The palate.' Derived from 肉 (flesh). The sūtra writes it with 心 as 㦍; 㦍 means frightened, which is not this meaning).
腹肋 (belly and ribs; the first character has the fanqie [封目, fēng-mù]; the second character has the fanqie [稜得, léng-dé]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Rib bones.' Derived from 肉 (flesh) with 力 phonetic).
風疽 (wind ulcers; the second character has the fanqie [七余, qī-yú]).
疥癬 (scabies and ringworm; the first character has the sound jiè; the second character has the fanqie [仙演, xiān-yǎn]).
癰腫 (carbuncle swelling; the first character has the fanqie [央恭, yāng-gōng]; the second character has the fanqie [章勇, zhāng-yǒng]).
疔腫 (furuncle swelling; the first character has the sound dīng).
黃病 (jaundice; the sūtra writes it with 疒 as 癀, which is incorrect).
帶門 (leukorrhea; diseases of vaginal discharge in women; the sūtra writes it with 疒 as 㿃, which is incorrect).
痒軫 (itching rash; the first character has the fanqie [羊掌, yáng-zhǎng]; the second character has the fanqie [真忍, zhēn-rěn]; a wind disorder. The sūtra writes it with 疒 as 瘨, which is incorrect; 瘨 is pronounced diān).
𥜒蠱 (demonic sorcery; the first character has the fanqie [一琰, yī-yǎn]; the second character has the sound gǔ; fully explained earlier in Fascicle 8 of this Sounds and Meanings).
姝悅 (beautiful and pleased; the first character has the fanqie [昌朱, chāng-zhū]; the second character has the fanqie [緣決, yuán-jué]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Beautiful.' Derived from 女 (woman) with 朱 phonetic. Examining sūtras that write 娧, this is incorrect).
眼不謾顧 (the eyes do not gaze deceitfully; 謾 has the fanqie [滿半, mǎn-bàn]. The Wenzidian shuo says: '謾 means to deceive; to prolong.' Derived from 言 (speech) with 曼 phonetic).
若讜 (or proper; the second character has the fanqie [當朗, dāng-lǎng]).
溥示 (universally showing; the first character has the fanqie [鋪毋, pū-wú]; standardly it is written 普; it is feared the sūtra manuscript is corrupt).
胑分 (limbs and parts; the first character has the sound zhī. Gu Yewang says: '胑 refers to the four limbs of hands and feet.' Han Ying explained the four limbs as corresponding to the four seasons. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The body's four limbs.' Derived from 肉 (flesh) with 只 phonetic; or written with 身 as 𨈛).
隱𰔬 (to conceal and arrange; the second character has the fanqie [力凋, lì-diāo]. Examining the sūtra manuscript's pronunciation, it is glossed as lüè. The Guangya says: '𰔬 means to take.' Gu Yewang says: 'It refers to being about to put in order.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To regulate.' Derived from 手 (hand) with 𤊽 phonetic).
捏彼 (kneading that; the first character has the fanqie [年結, nián-jié]).
溫蘸 (warmly dipping; according to the sūtra manuscript's gloss, it has the fanqie [莊陷, zhuāng-xiàn]).
弭惹 (mǐ rě; the first character has the fanqie [蜜以, mì-yǐ]; the second character has the fanqie [才我, cái-wǒ]; this is the translation master's own pronunciation).
㫊皤 (yī pó; the first character has the fanqie [阿可, ā-kě]; the second character has the fanqie [婆我, pó-wǒ]).
畢唎𰴄俁 (bì lì yáng yǔ; 𰴄 has the fanqie [羊兩, yáng-liǎng]; the last character has the sound yú; a Sanskrit name for a medicinal herb, anciently called āwèi [asafoetida]).

39.5

Fascicle Two

39.6

縒麼野 (samaya; the first character has the fanqie [娑左, suō-zuǒ]; Sanskrit, anciently rendered sanmeiye [三昧耶]).

39.7

糵魯 (guru; the first character has the fanqie [言羯, yán-jié]; Sanskrit).

39.8

織[徹-育+((糸-ㄠ+云)/肉)] (weaving; the first character has the fanqie [昌志, chāng-zhì]).

39.9

燼為 (reduced to ashes; the first character has the fanqie [辭進, cí-jìn]; a popular character, standardly written 𱫮).

39.10

掐珠 (counting beads; the first character has the fanqie [口甲, kǒu-jiǎ]).

39.11

燒焯 (burning and scorching; the second character has the fanqie [章若, zhāng-ruò]. The Guangya says: '焯 means hot.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Bright.' Derived from 火 (fire) with 卓 phonetic).

39.12

即譡 (then suitable; the second character has the fanqie [當浪, dāng-làng]).

39.13

臺榭 (terraces and open pavilions; the second character has the fanqie [夕夜, xī-yè]. Guo [Pu]'s commentary to the Erya says: 'A xiè is a building erected upon a terrace.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Derived from 木 (wood) with 射 phonetic').

39.14

除禳 (dispelling by expiatory sacrifice; the second character has the fanqie [讓章, ràng-zhāng]. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary to the Zhouli says: 'Warding off anomalies is called ráng.' The Guangya says: 'To propitiate.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A dismemberment and expiation sacrifice to eliminate pestilence and calamity, instituted in antiquity by Suiren's son Yingshen; derived from 示 (altar) with 襄 phonetic.' 禜 has the fanqie [榮敬, róng-jìng]).

39.15

光鎣 (lustrous brilliance; the second character has the fanqie [縈迥, yíng-jiǒng]. The Kaosheng says: '鎣 means to brighten a vessel's luster.' It is also written 瑩).

39.16

伸手 (stretching out the hand; the first character has the sound shēn).

39.17

金剛橜 (vajra peg; the third character has the fanqie [權月, quán-yuè]).

39.18

障閡 (obstructed; the first character has the fanqie [章讓, zhāng-ràng]; the second character has the fanqie [我愛, wǒ-ài]; nowadays commonly written 礙, and also written 㝵).

39.19

痰飲 (phlegm-fluid retention; the first character has the sound tán; fluid within the diaphragm).

39.20

銷鑠 (melting and dissolving; the first character has the fanqie [小遙, xiǎo-yáo]; the second character has the fanqie [傷若, shāng-ruò]).

39.21

[妧-二+公]澤 (graceful and moist; the first character has the fanqie [他外, tuō-wài]. The Mao commentary to the Shijing says: '娧娧 indicates an easy and leisurely manner.' It is also pronounced yuè. The Kaosheng says: 'A beautiful appearance.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Pleasing.' Derived from 女 (woman) with 兌 phonetic).

39.22

眼眵 (eye rheum; the second character has the fanqie [齒支, chǐ-zhī]. The Shuowen jiezi says: '眵 refers to injured canthi of the eyes.' Another source says: 'The accumulation of rheum.' Derived from 目 (eye) with 多 phonetic. [蔑-戍+(戒-廾+目)] has the fanqie [眠鼈, mián-biē]).

39.23

瞖瞙 (cataracts and corneal opacities; the first character has the fanqie [伊計, yī-jì]; the second character has the sound mò).

39.24

悃御 (sincerely presenting; the first character has the fanqie [坤穩, kūn-wěn]. The Guangya says: '悃 means utmost.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 心 (heart) with 困 phonetic').

39.25

絡髆 (draping over the shoulder; the first character has the sound luò; the second character has the sound bó; the sūtra writes it with 肉 as 膊, which is incorrect).

39.26

Fascicle Three

39.27

光爓 (blazing light; the second character has the fanqie [閻漸, yán-jiàn]. The Shuowen jiezi says: '爓 means firelight.' Derived from 火 (fire) with 閻 phonetic).

39.28

弭惹 (mǐ rě; the first character has the fanqie [彌比, mí-bǐ]; the second character has the fanqie [才我, cái-wǒ]; Sanskrit).

39.29

健詫 (jiàn chà; the second character has the fanqie [丑嫁, chǒu-jià]; Sanskrit).

39.30

播拏 (pāṇi; the first character has the fanqie [波破, bō-pò]; the second character has the fanqie [搦加, nuò-jiā]; Sanskrit).

39.31

頑嚚 (stubborn and perverse; the first character has the fanqie [五關, wǔ-guān]; the second character has the fanqie [語斤, yǔ-jīn]. The Zuo zhuan says: 'When the mouth does not speak words of loyalty and faith, that is 嚚.' Dictionaries also say it means stubborn. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 𰀦 with 臣 phonetic.' 𰀦 has the fanqie [莊立, zhuāng-lì]).

39.32

恬默 (tranquil and silent; the first character has the fanqie [牒兼, dié-jiān]. Kong [Anguo]'s commentary to the Shangshu says: '恬 means peaceful.' The Fangyan says: 'Quiet.' The Shuowen jiezi also says: 'Peaceful; derived from 心 (heart) with 甛 abbreviated phonetic.' The second character has the fanqie [忙北, máng-běi]. Gu Yewang says: '默 means not speaking.' Dictionaries say: 'Quiet and not speaking.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 犬 (dog) with 黑 phonetic.' We examine: for the 'silence' of quiet silence, it is written with 口 as 嘿).

39.33

諛詐 (flattering and deceptive; the first character has the fanqie [庾朱, yǔ-zhū]. Kong's commentary to the Shangshu says: '諛 means sycophantic.' The Zhuangzi says: 'Speaking without distinguishing right from wrong is called 諛.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 言 (speech) with 臾 phonetic.' The second character has the fanqie [側駕, cè-jià]).

39.34

能纂 (capable of compiling; the second character has the fanqie [𮍏管, zuǒ-guǎn]. Jia Kui's commentary to the Guoyu says: '纂 means to collect.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 糸 (silk) with 𮅕 phonetic.' 𮅕 is pronounced suàn).

39.35

磔開 (ripping open; the first character has the fanqie [陟革, zhì-gé]. The Gujin zhengzi says: '磔 means stretching open; derived from 石 (stone) with 桀 phonetic').

39.36

瞻眺 (gazing into the distance; the second character has the fanqie [桃吊, táo-diào]. The Erya says: '眺 means to look.' Guo Pu says it means inspecting and looking. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To look askance; derived from 目 (eye) with 兆 phonetic').

39.37

㫊暮伽王 (Amogharāja; the first character has the fanqie [阿我, ā-wǒ]; Sanskrit; in the Tang language it means 'Unfailing' [Amogha], namely the name of the holy one).

39.38

Fascicle Four

39.39

Join wrists (捥: [fanqie] 𠛠 + 換. Zheng's commentary on the Yili states that the 捥 is the joint behind the palm. Standardly written as 𢮝. The Shuowen says it takes hand [扌] as radical and 宛 as phonetic. Today's scripture editions write it with the flesh radical [月] as 腕, which is incorrect. [日*又] is pronounced [fanqie] 冤 + 遠).

39.40

Pāṇā (皤: pronounced 婆; 拏: [fanqie] 搦 + 加).

39.41

Shoulder joint (髆: [fanqie] 補 + 莫. Du Zichun says 髆 refers to the shoulder. Zheng's commentary on the Yili states it is the arm bone. The Shuowen says it is the shoulder blade, taking bone [骨] as radical and 尃 as phonetic. The scripture writes it with flesh [radical] as 膊, which is incorrect).

39.42

Repay resentment (懟: [fanqie] 直 + 類. The Shuowen says 懟 means resentment; it takes mind [心] as radical and 對 as phonetic. Dictionaries also write it with speech [radical] as 譵).

39.43

Palaṅka (跋: [fanqie] 盤 + 未; 楞: [fanqie] 勒 + 騰; a Sanskrit word).

39.44

Flower-club (棓: [fanqie] 龐 + 講. The Shuowen says it takes wood [木] as radical and 咅 as phonetic).

39.45

Armlets and bracelets (鐶: pronounced 還; 釧: [fanqie] 川 + 戀).

39.46

Twisting and tangling (繚: pronounced 了; 綟: [fanqie] 憐 + 涅. The scripture writes it with 折 as 䋢, pronounced [fanqie] 邊 + 蔑, which is incorrect).

39.47

Iron lance (矟: [fanqie] 雙 + 捉. The Guangya states that 矟 is a spear. The Picang says it is eighteen feet long. The Gujin zhengzi states it takes spear [矛] as radical and 肖 as phonetic. The scripture writes it as 槊, which is the name of a tree).

39.48

Utpala (姥: [fanqie] 莫 + 古; a Sanskrit word).

39.49

Bhikṣu (苾: [fanqie] 頻 + 蜜; 𠆙: [fanqie] 亭 + 夜; Sanskrit).

39.50

Dṛṣṭi (窒: [fanqie] 珍 + 栗; 𭌆: [fanqie] 離 + 置; Sanskrit).

39.51

Medinī (米: [fanqie] 彌 + 比; 禰: [fanqie] 寧 + 以; a Sanskrit word).

39.52

Fascicle Five

39.53

Wootz steel (鑌: [fanqie] 必 + 頻; the lower character is the standard character for iron [䥫]).

39.54

Fruits and melons (果: [fanqie] 戈 + 禍. The Shuowen says it is the fruit of a tree; pictographic, sitting above a tree. Nowadays written with the grass radical as 菓, which is a vulgar character. 蓏: [fanqie] 盧 + 果. Ying Shao says the fruit of plants is called 蓏. Zheng Xuan says it is of the class of melons and gourds. The Shuowen says that what grows on the ground is called 蓏, taking grass [艸] as radical and 㼌 as phonetic. 㼌 is pronounced 庾 and takes two melons [瓜]).

39.55

Draw in and hold (挽: pronounced 晚. The Shenglei says 挽 means to pull. Standardly written as 輓. The Shuowen says it takes cart [車] and 免).

39.56

Argha (閼: [fanqie] 安 + 葛; a Sanskrit word).

39.57

Restrain and bind (拘: pronounced 俱. The Shuowen says 拘 means to arrest; it takes hand [扌] as radical and 句 as phonetic. 縶: [fanqie] 砧 + 立. Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan states that 縶 means to seize. The Gujin zhengzi says it means to hobble; it takes silk [糸] as radical and 執 as phonetic; also written as [馮/中]).

39.58

Torrential rain (澍: [fanqie] 珠 + 樹. The Shuowen says it is timely rain; pouring rain generates all things. It takes water [氵] as radical and 尌 as phonetic. 尌 has the same pronunciation as above).

39.59

Silkworm silk (蠶: [fanqie] 雜 + 藍; popularly written as 蝅).

39.60

The syllable hūṃ (the upper character is pronounced with closed lips and constricted breath, like the bellowing of an ox).

39.61

Irrigate (𣵽: [fanqie] 翁 + 穀. The Shuowen says it means to water and irrigate; it takes water [氵] as radical and 芺 as phonetic. The scripture text originally wrote it as [瀎-戍+犬], which is incorrect. 𦭞 is pronounced [fanqie] 一 + 到).

39.62

Apsaras (姶: [fanqie] 庵 + 合; Sanskrit).

39.63

Toss and turn (夗: [fanqie] 宛 + 阮. The scripture writes it as 踠, which is incorrect).

39.64

Deep pond (湫: [fanqie] 酒 + 由. The Shuowen says 湫 means narrow and low; it takes water [氵] as radical and 秋 as phonetic. 淵: [fanqie] 㭈 + 玄. The Kaosheng says it is a deep spring. The Shuowen says it is swirling water; it takes water [氵] and is pictographic. The scripture text writes it as 淵 on account of the imperial taboo, which is incorrect. 㭈 is pronounced [fanqie] 一 + 悅).

39.65

Protect and guard (保: [fanqie] 逋 + 老. Zheng's commentary on the Shijing says it means to keep and guard. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says it means to bring peace. The Shuowen says it means to nourish; it takes person [亻] as radical and an abbreviated 𰠀 as phonetic. Ancient script wrote it as 呆 or as 𰠀. The scripture text writes it as 𰐯, which is an extreme error; when checked across all character dictionaries, this character does not exist at all).

39.66

Twist to make (撚: [fanqie] 年 + 典. Gu Yewang says 撚 means to join and continue together. The Shuowen says it takes hand [扌] as radical and 然 as phonetic).

39.67

Left thigh (䯗: [fanqie] 𥀷 + 米; it means thigh. Today popular writing has it as 䏶 or 脾, which is incorrect).

39.68

Red fingernails (甲: [fanqie] 緘 + 洽. Examining the scripture, the ten fingernails, meaning false nails, makes sense. Now written with flesh [radical] as 胛, which is the character for shoulder blade and thus incorrect).

39.69

Dull black (黲: [fanqie] 蒼 + 感. The Boya says 黲 means a dark colour. The Shuowen says it is a light bluish-black colour; it takes black [黑] as radical and 參 as phonetic).

39.70

Flooding stream (霶: [fanqie] 普 + 忙; standardly written as 䨦. The Mao Commentary on the Shijing says it describes abundance. The Gujin zhengzi says it takes rain [雨] as radical and 旁 as phonetic).

39.71

Strike the ground (𧤼: [fanqie] 權 + 月. The Shuowen says 𧤼 means horns striking and sparking; it takes horn [角] as radical and 厥 as phonetic).

39.72

Wild duck and goose (鳧: [fanqie] 附 + 趺).

39.73

Vajra (馹: [fanqie] 人 + 筫; Sanskrit).

39.74

Intertwined and entangled (繳: [fanqie] 梟 + 了. The Kaosheng states that 繳 means to entangle. The Gujin zhengzi says it takes silk [糸] as radical and 敫 as phonetic. 敫 is pronounced [fanqie] 工 + 的).

39.75

Jealous and ill-tempered (妒: [fanqie] 都 + 故. Zheng's commentary on the Shijing says [begrudging someone] for beauty is called 妒. The Shuowen says it is a wife being jealous of her husband; it takes woman [女] as radical and 戶 as phonetic. 憋: [fanqie] 篇 + 滅. The Fangyan says 憋 means wicked. Guo Pu's commentary says it means impetuous. The Gujin zhengzi says it takes mind [心] as radical and 敝 as phonetic).

39.76

Fascicle Six

39.77

Flaws and films (瑕: [fanqie] 夏 + 加. Zheng's commentary on the Liji says 瑕 is a defect in jade. The Shuowen says it is a small reddish flaw in jade; it takes jade [玉] as radical and 叚 as phonetic. 㙠: [fanqie] 伊 + 計. The Shuowen says 㙠 means dust and haze; it takes earth [土] as radical and 殹 as phonetic).

39.78

Adorned with inlays (裝: pronounced 莊; 鈿: pronounced 田. Examining the scripture text, it writes 真珠莊填 [filled with pearls] as ornamental inlay [裝鈿]; the character in the scripture edition does not fit the meaning).

39.79

Count beads (捻: [fanqie] 寧 + 葉. The Jixun says 捻 means to pinch; it takes hand [扌] as radical and 念 as phonetic).

39.80

Singing praises (唄: [fanqie] 白 + 邁).

39.81

Supplicate (啟: [fanqie] 谿 + 禮. The scripture writes it with wood [radical] as 棨, which is not the character for addressing or reporting).

39.82

Mature and ripened (熟: [fanqie] 是 + 陸. The Gujin zhengzi says 熟 means to cook thoroughly; it takes fire [灬] as radical and 孰 as phonetic. The scripture writes it as 俶, which is a phonetic loan).

39.83

Count beads (掐: [fanqie] 口 + 甲).

39.84

Gradually alternate (the upper character is the standard form of 微; 遞: [fanqie] 蹄 + 帝. The Gujin zhengzi says 遞 means to alternate and change; it takes movement [辵] as radical and 虒 as phonetic. 虒 is pronounced 斯).

39.85

Bodily limbs (肢: pronounced 支; fully glossed and explained previously in Fascicle One).

39.86

Frequently (數數: both pronounced [fanqie] 雙 + 角).

39.87

Flurried and frightened (恾: [fanqie] 莫 + 傍; 怖: [fanqie] 鋪 + 布).

39.88

Sound of dragging (拽: [fanqie] 延 + 結).

39.89

One face of Mahākāla (𢻇: pronounced [fanqie] 硬 + 格; Sanskrit).

39.90

Fascicle Seven

39.91

Aquilaria wood (榓: [fanqie] 民 + 必. The Picang says it is an aromatic wood. The Zizhi says that to obtain the fragrance one must hack and chop it; after a long time the fragrance comes forth. An inscription says: 'The tree of the mimi is very large; if one wishes to obtain its fragrance, it takes a full year or more.' The Gujin zhengzi says it takes wood [木] as radical and 𥁑 as phonetic; also written as 榓).

39.92

Flap a fan (the upper character is pronounced [fanqie] 設 + 戰; the lower character is pronounced [fanqie] 設 + 旃. Gu Yewang says it refers to that which is waved to catch the wind and clear away dust. The Shuowen says it takes door [戶] and an abbreviated wing [翅] as phonetic. The scripture text writes it with hand [扌] as 挺, which is an error).

39.93

Sprinkle and scatter (𤁢: pronounced 節. The Gujin zhengzi says 𤁢 means to sprinkle; it takes water [氵] as radical and 𢧵 as phonetic; also pronounced [fanqie] 臧 + 遏. The lower character is the standard character for scatter [散]).

39.94

Cut off with the finger (截: [fanqie] 前 + 節. The Shuowen says 截 means to sever; it takes dagger-axe [戈] as radical and 雀 as phonetic).

39.95

Rice cakes (餅: [fanqie] 煩 + 晚).

39.96

Disturb and agitate (撓: pronounced 蒿; 攪: [fanqie] 交 + 巧. The Gujin zhengzi says 撓 means to disturb and disrupt. Both characters take hand [扌] as radical, with 堯 and 覺 respectively as phonetics).

39.97

Plump and pleasing (腴: [fanqie] 庾 + 朱. The Shuowen says 腴 means the fat of the belly; it takes flesh [肉] as radical and 臾 as phonetic).

39.98

Maple-incense tree (楓香木, the upper character pronounced fēng).

39.99

Mani-pot (摩尼鍋, [鍋 pronounced with the fanqie] guǒ + hé).

39.100

Turned on a lathe (治鏇, [鏇 pronounced with the fanqie] xuán + chuán. Zhang Jian's Kaosheng states: "鏇 refers to an artisan turning an axle to lathe vessels and implements; it generally means grinding and polishing them to make them glossy and lustrous." The Shuowen jiezi says it is derived from "metal" [金] with "xuán" [旋] phonetic. 椽 is pronounced with the fanqie yuán + juàn).

39.101

Polished and magnificent (鎣麗, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] jué + míng. The Cang Jie pian states: "鎣 is the name for polishing vessels." Zhang Jian's Kaosheng states: "To bring forth the luster of vessels." The Shuowen jiezi says it is derived from "metal" [金] with the abbreviation of "yíng" [熒] phonetic. In the scriptures it is written with "jade" [玉] as 瑩, which is used interchangeably. The lower character [pronounced with the fanqie] lí + jì. Gu Yewang states: "麗 means ornate, luxurious, and extraordinary." The Shuowen jiezi says it is derived from "deer" [鹿] with "lì" [丽] phonetic. 丽 has the same sound as above; in ancient script it is written as 麗).

39.102

Withered and dried up (枯涸, [涸 pronounced with the fanqie] hú + luò. The Gujin zhengzi states: "涸 means exhausted and dried up; it is derived from 'wood' [water, 水] with 'gù' [固] phonetic").

39.103

Zhaomi (譟弭, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] sāo + zào, the lower character mí + bǐ; Sanskrit language).

39.104

Blink the eyes (瞬目, the upper character pronounced shùn; correctly written as 瞚).

39.105

Eyelid (眼瞼, [瞼 pronounced with the fanqie] jū + yǎn).

39.106

Purple jiang-wood (紫橿木, the upper character is properly the character 紫 [purple]; the middle character [pronounced with the fanqie] jū + yāng; the name of a tree, produced in Mount Ying).

39.107

Chronic swelling (痼[病-丙+(敝-ㄆ)], the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] gǔ + hù. The Gujin zhengzi states: "痼 means a chronic illness; it is derived from 'sickness' [疒] with 'gù' [固] phonetic; it is also written as 㽽." The lower character [pronounced with the fanqie] biān + miè. The Zitong states: "[病-丙+(敝-ㄆ)] refers to swelling, fullness, suffocation, and the skin cracking open; it is derived from 'sickness' [疒] with 'bì' [㡀] phonetic." 㡀 is pronounced with the fanqie pǐ + mèi. In scripture editions it is written as 𤺓, which is an error).

39.108

Submerge the ankle (𣴬踝, the upper character is properly the character 沒 [mò]. The lower character [pronounced with the fanqie] huá + wǎ. The Cang Jie pian states: "踝 is at the side of the foot." The Shenglei states: "The outer bone of the instep of the foot").

39.109

Penning cattle (圈牛, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] quán + ruǎn. Xu Shuchong's commentary to Huainanzi states: "圈 means a pen." The Shuowen jiezi says: "An enclosure for rearing livestock; it is derived from 'enclosure' [囗] with 'juàn' [卷] phonetic." 囗 is pronounced wéi).

39.110

Frame wood (構木, [構 pronounced with the fanqie] gōu + hòu).

39.111

Proliferate and breed (孳生, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] zǐ + sī. Lexicons state: "孳 means to multiply." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Diligently striving; it is derived from 'child' [子] with 'zī' [茲] phonetic").

39.112

Stick into the mouth (口插, [插 pronounced with the fanqie] chū + qià. The Shenglei states: "插 means to pierce an object and cause it to enter." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To pierce and insert; it is derived from 'hand' [手] with 'chā' [臿] phonetic." 臿 has the same sound as above).

39.113

Form a fist (作拳, [拳] pronounced quán).

39.114

Reply straightforwardly (復讜, [讜 pronounced with the fanqie] tā + zàng).

39.115

Fascicle Eight

39.116

Intertwined (相繳, [繳 pronounced with the fanqie] xiāo + liǎo).

39.117

Brass (鍮石, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] tāng + lóu. The Kaosheng states: "鍮石 resembles gold." It also states: "In the Western Regions, copper and iron are combined with various medicines to make it." The Gujin zhengzi states: "Derived from 'metal' [金] with the abbreviation of 'tōu' [偷] phonetic").

39.118

Deceitful talk (謾談, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] mán + jiàn. The Shuowen jiezi says: "謾 means to deceive; it is derived from 'speech' [言] with 'màn' [曼] phonetic").

39.119

Envious descendants (妒裔, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] dōu + gù, fully explained previously in Fascicle Five. The lower character [pronounced with the fanqie] yíng + zhì. Kong's commentary to the Shangshu states: "裔 means descendants/extremity." Du Yu's commentary to the Chunqiu states: "Far off." The Fangyan states: "The collective name for barbarian tribes." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Derived from 'clothing' [衣] with 'jiǒng' [冏] phonetic." 冏 is pronounced with the fanqie nú + guā).

39.120

Hesitating step (擲躅, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] chéng + shí; also written with 'foot' [足] as 躑; the lower character zhòng + lù).

39.121

Nine beaks (九觜, [觜 pronounced with the fanqie] zuì + suǐ. Lexicons state: "觜 is the mouth of a bird; correctly written as 𭪿." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Derived from 此 with 'shù' [束] phonetic; sometimes written as 𠲿 or 嘴").

39.122

Carried on the head (首戴, [戴 pronounced with the fanqie] dū + dài. Lexicons state: "To have upon the head is called 戴." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Derived from 異 with 'zāi' [𢦏] phonetic; in seal script written as 𢨇." 𢦏 is pronounced with the fanqie zǎi + lái).

39.123

Exhausted and haggard (窮顇, [顇 pronounced with the fanqie] qíng + zuì. The Cang Jie pian states: "顇 means distressed." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Emaciated and haggard; derived from 'head' [頁] with 'zú' [卒] phonetic; also written as 悴").

39.124

Fascicle Nine

39.125

Inlaid ornaments (鈿飾, the upper character pronounced tián, fully explained previously in Fascicle Six; in the scriptures written as 畋, which is incorrect. The lower character is pronounced shì. The Shuowen jiezi says: "飾 means to brush and clean; it is derived from 'cloth' [巾] with 'sì' [飤] phonetic").

39.126

High pattens (僑履, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] jù + yáo. The Shuowen jiezi says: "僑 means high; it is derived from 'person' [人] with 'qiáo' [喬] phonetic").

39.127

Wild mulberry tree (𣔳木, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] tāng + luò; correctly written as 柘).

39.128

Golden jar (金壜, [壜 pronounced with the fanqie] tú + hán).

39.129

Joyful and pleased (愉悅, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] yǔ + zhū. Zheng's commentary to the Analects states: "愉 means gentle and mild facial expression." The Guangya states: "Joyful." The Gujin zhengzi states: "Derived from 'heart' [心] with 'yú' [俞] phonetic").

39.130

Eloquent (明諜, [諜 pronounced with the fanqie] tián + yè. The Shiji states: "How could one emulate this petty bailiff's glib and fluent tongue?" Gu Yewang states: "The appearance of glib eloquence." The Gujin zhengzi states: "Derived from 'speech' [言] with 'yè' [枼] phonetic").

39.131

Nimble and sharp (捷利, [捷 pronounced with the fanqie] qián + yè. Considering its meaning of nimble, clever, and alert, it ought to be written with 'person' [人] as 倢).

39.132

Twitch frequently (數瞤, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] shuāng + zhuō, the lower character rùn + lún).

39.133

Buttocks not... (臋不, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] tū + hún. The Shenglei states: "臀 means the buttocks." The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 尾, an ancient character no longer in use today; it is also written as [(辟-辛+殳)/骨], with the same meaning).

39.134

With simmering anger (以㜝, [㜝 pronounced with the fanqie] ǎng + gǎn. The Shuowen jiezi says: "㜝 means harboring anger; another explanation says it means hard to fathom; it is derived from 'woman' [女] with 'yǎn' [酓] phonetic." In scripture editions it is written as 𡡽, which is an error. 酓 is pronounced with the fanqie yī + càn).

39.135

Wrathful mind (懠心, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] qí + xì. The Mao Commentary to the Shijing states: "懠 means wrath." The Guangya states: "Sorrowful." The Wenzi dian shuo states: "Derived from 'heart' [心] with 'qí' [齊] phonetic").

39.136

Roaring and humiliating (吼謑, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] hū + kǒu; also written as 吽. The lower character [pronounced with the fanqie] xī + qǐ. The Shuowen jiezi says: "謑 means shame and disgrace; it is derived from 'speech' [言] with 'xī' [奚] phonetic." Examining the context of the scripture, its pronunciation should properly be the fanqie hè + xiè).

39.137

Blunted and fierce (挫颲, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] zǔ + wò. Jia's commentary to the Guoyu states: "挫 means to blunt the sharp point." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To break down; it is derived from 'hand' [手] with 'zuò' [坐] phonetic." The lower character [pronounced with the fanqie] lián + zhé. The Shenglei states: "颲 means sharp." The Gujin zhengzi states: "Derived from 'wind' [風] with 'liè' [列] phonetic").

39.138

Thickly smeared (濃塗, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] nǚ + lóng. Zhang Jian's Kaosheng states: "濃 means thick juice." The Gujin zhengzi states: "Abundant dew; derived from 'water' [水] with 'nóng' [農] phonetic." Scripture editions write it with "many" [多] as 𨑊, which is the character for 郺𨑊 [bumping against each other] and does not have this meaning; 郺 is pronounced wēng, and 𨑊 is pronounced nóng. The lower character [pronounced with the fanqie] dù + lú. The Mao Commentary to the Shijing states: "塗 means to adhere." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Derived from 'earth' [土] with 'chú' [余] phonetic").

39.139

Fascicle Ten

39.140

Cleave respectively (各剖, [剖 pronounced with the fanqie] pǔ + hòu. Gu Yewang states: "剖 is like 'splitting'." Du Yu states: "To divide down the middle is 剖." The Cang Jie pian states: "To split apart." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To judge/divide; it is derived from 'knife' [刀] with 'pǒu' [咅] phonetic." 咅 is pronounced with the fanqie tōu + kǒu).

39.141

Discern (分䇷, [䇷 pronounced with the fanqie] biàn + bié. The Kaosheng states: "䇷 means to scrutinize good and evil; correctly written as 𧧸, derived from 'speech' [言] with 'bié' [別] phonetic").

39.142

Fascicle Eleven

39.143

Trembling and shaking (戰掉, [掉 pronounced with the fanqie] tiáo + yào. Jia Kui's commentary to the Guoyu states: "掉 means to shake." The Guangya states: "To quiver." The Gujin zhengzi states: "Derived from 'hand' [手] with 'zhuó' [卓] phonetic").

39.144

Interlaced halos (暈錯, the upper character pronounced yùn. The Gujin zhengzi states: "Vapor beside the sun; derived from 'sun' [日] with 'jūn' [軍] phonetic." Examining the intent of the scripture, it should properly be 'interlaced brightness' [暉錯], meaning that having radiant brightness they intermingle).

39.145

Displaying standards (摽式, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] bì + yáo).

39.146

Ramming and colliding (㲂觸, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] zhái + gēng. Lexicons state: "㲂 means to ram." The Gujin zhengzi writes it as 𣪿, derived from 'weapon' [殳] with 'táng' [棠] phonetic; it is also written as 棖, 楟, or 敦. In scripture editions it is written as 橖, which is an error).

39.147

Sincere restraint (懇節, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] kǒu + hěn. The Guangya states: "懇 means sincere; trustworthy." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Devotion/righteousness; derived from 'heart' [心] with 'kěn' [貇] phonetic").

39.148

Pewter and solder (錫鑞, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] xīng + yì. The Shuowen jiezi says: "An alloy between tin and lead; derived from 'metal' [金] with 'yì' [易] phonetic." The lower character [pronounced with the fanqie] lán + hé. The Yunlue states: "鑞 is also tin; the two characters are spoken together in succession").

39.149

Solidly founded (磐薄, the upper character pronounced pán. The Shenglei states: "盤 means a massive stone." Gu Yewang states: "磐 is like taking root / having a foundation." The Gujin zhengzi states: "Derived from 'stone' [石] with 'bān' [般] phonetic." The lower character [pronounced with the fanqie] páng + mò).

39.150

Curse and imprecate (呪詛, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] zhōu + yòu, the lower character zū + zhù).

39.151

Fontanelle of the head (頂囟, pronounced xìn. The Shuowen jiezi says: "囟 is the meeting of the skull bones; it is a pictograph; written in ancient script as 𦞤." Current scripture editions write it as 囪, which is a vulgar character).

39.152

Silver ore (銀礦, [礦 pronounced with the fanqie] gōng + měng. The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 磺, stating: "Copper and iron stone; derived from 'stone' [石] with 'huáng' [黃] phonetic").

39.153

Fascicle Twelve

39.154

Bailing ocean water (舀大海水, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] yáo + xiǎo. 舀 means ladling water with a vessel. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Pounding in a mortar; derived from 'gourd' [瓜] and 'mortar' [臼]; sometimes written as 枕 or 耽." Scripture editions write it as 䯝, which is not the meaning of the scripture and diverges very far from it).

39.155

Emaciated and suffering (羸苦, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] lèi + wēi. Du's commentary to the Zuozhuan states: "羸 means frail and weak." Jia Kui's commentary to the Guoyu states: "Ill; feeble." The Guangya states: "Extremely weary." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Emaciated; derived from 'sheep' [羊] and 𣎆").

39.156

Sever knots (結決, [決 pronounced with the fanqie] juān + yuè. The Kaosheng states: "決 means to sever; also written as 鈌, meaning to cut through." It means causing all the knots of disaster and distress to be cut and severed. Current scripture editions write it with 'horse' [馬] as 駃, which is the character for 駃騠, a species of horse—the offspring of a male horse and a female mule—which departs deeply from the sūtra's meaning).

39.157

Tender lotus-root tip (腝藕梢, the upper character [pronounced with the fanqie] nè + dùn, correctly written as 嫩 [tender]. The middle character [pronounced with the fanqie] wǔ + hòu, meaning lotus root. The lower character [pronounced with the fanqie] shāo + cháo, meaning the tip).

39.158

Porcelain vessels (瓷器: the first character is pronounced zi [自 + 咨 fanqie]. Zhang Jian's Kaosheng says: "A type of earthenware, made lustrous and glossy by the addition of mineral glazes." The Gujin zhengzi both has it under radical 瓦 with 次 phonetic. It is also written 𦈱. The current sūtra text writes 礠, which is the name of a stone useful as a medicine, not porcelain vessels).

39.159

Aggregates of merit (福蘊: [蘊 is pronounced] yun [䊸 + 殞 fanqie]).

39.160

Swift and nimble (緊捷: the first character is pronounced jin [吉 + 引 fanqie]; the Kaosheng says it means urgent and swift; it is also written 殄. The second character is pronounced jie [潛 + 葉 fanqie]).

39.161

Blackened face (面皯: [皯 is pronounced] gan [干 + 旱 fanqie]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "皯 means a darkened face; it takes the radical 皮 with 干 as its phonetic." It is also written 𩈅. The current sūtra text has it under radical 黑 as 䵟, a popular character that is erroneous).

39.162

Bright and lustrous (明鎣: [鎣 is pronounced] ying [縈 + 迴 fanqie]. Fully glossed above in Fascicle 7).

39.163

Limbs and joints (𰮏節: the first character has the sound zhi [支]. Fully explained above in Fascicle 6).

39.164

Bestow protection (加祐: [祐 is pronounced] you [尤 + 救 fanqie]. Confucius said: "'祐' means to assist; what Heaven assists is compliance." The Book of Changes says: "Blessed by Heaven: auspicious, in every way advantageous." The Shuowen jiezi says it takes radical 示 with 右 phonetic. 示 has the sound qi [祇]).

39.165

Pinch and adorn (揑飾: the first character is pronounced nie [年 + 結 fanqie]. Already explained above in Fascicle 1).

39.166

Chronic visceral ailments (痃癖: the first character has the sound xian [弦]; the second is pronounced pi [匹 + 亦 fanqie]).

39.167

Smoke and double (𡼡複: the first character is pronounced xun [訓 + 雲 fanqie]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "𡼡 is the vapor of fire; it takes radicals 黑 and 屮." The sūtra writes 熏, a popular character in long usage that cannot be helped. The second character is pronounced fu [風 + 服 fanqie]).

39.168

Trace and draw (摹畫: the first character is pronounced mu [毋 + 胡 fanqie]. The sūtra writes 摸, which is the character for groping or touching with the sound mo [莫], not the meaning intended by the sūtra).

39.169

Agate (碼碯: the first character has the sound ma [馬]; the second has the sound nao [惱]).

39.170

Sa-va (馺嚩: the first character is pronounced sa [三 + 迊 fanqie]; the second is pronounced va [無 + 可 fanqie]).

39.171

Joy and delight (喜愉: [愉 is pronounced] yu [庾 + 朱 fanqie], meaning delight. Fully explained above in Fascicle 9. The sūtra writes 㤤, meaning grief, completely missing the sūtra's intent).

39.172

Awaken and alert (警覺: the first character is pronounced jing [京 + 影 fanqie]. Zheng Xuan says: "警 means to arouse." The Guangya says it means restless. The Gujin zhengzi has it under radical 言 with 敬 phonetic).

39.173

Purport and meaning (意恉: [恉 is pronounced] zhi [之 + 史 fanqie]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "恉 means intention; it takes radical 心 with 旨 phonetic." It is also written 旨).

39.174

Divination slips (占𥬰: pronounced ce [策]. The Shuowen jiezi states that it is an ancient form of the character 𥬕. The sūtra writes 𥬕, which is incorrect, pronounced zhou [舟], meaning the appearance of weak bamboo, which is not the sūtra's meaning).

39.175

Inn and shop (邸店: the first character is pronounced di [低 + 禮 fanqie]. The Cangjie pian says: "邸 means a lodge in a market." The Shuowen jiezi says: "A lodge for tributary states; it takes radical 邑 with 氐 phonetic").

39.176

Fascicle Thirteen

39.177

Pervading and widespread (溥遍: the first character has the sound pu [普]. The sūtra writes 溥 as the name of a river, which is not this meaning).

39.178

Plain and penetrating (白透: [透 is pronounced] tou [偷 + 陋 fanqie]. The Guangya says: "透 means to disturb." The Gujin zhengzi has it under radical 辵 with 秀 phonetic).

39.179

Summon and reprimand (召譴: [譴 is pronounced] qian [遣 + 戰 fanqie]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "譴 means to interrogate and rebuke; it takes radical 言 with 遣 phonetic." Rebuke [謫] is pronounced zhe [竹 + 革 fanqie]).

39.180

Pleasing and charming (充娧: [娧 has the] sound yue [悅]. Fully explained above in Fascicle 1).

39.181

Strike the ground (㧻地: the first character is pronounced zhuo [丁 + 角 fanqie], meaning to hoe).

39.182

Post and pillar (𮂎柱: the first character is pronounced jie [色 + 戒 fanqie]. It is absent from all character dictionaries, having been made up freely by the translator. The second character is pronounced zhu [誅 + 縷 fanqie]).

39.183

Fascicle Fourteen

39.184

Surrounding barrier (周障: [障 is pronounced] zhang [章 + 讓 fanqie]. The Kaosheng says: "障 means to divide; to obstruct." It is also written 嶂 under radical 山. The Shuowen jiezi has it under radical 阜 with 章 phonetic. The character 障 also has a level tone, whose meaning and usage are identical to the departing tone. The sūtra writes it under radical 手 as 𭢓, which is incorrect and does not form a legitimate character).

39.185

Grasp and pinch (𤔩攥: the first character is pronounced po [歸 + 迫 fanqie]; the second is pronounced cuo [纂 + 活 fanqie]. The Guangya says: "攥 means to hold." The Shuowen jiezi writes the standard form as 撮, under radical 手 with 最 phonetic).

39.186

Put on and wear (為摜: [摜 is pronounced] guan [關 + 患 fanqie]. The Kaosheng says: "摜 means to slip on; to wear clothes." The Shuowen jiezi writes it 擐, meaning to don armor and take up weapons, under radical 手 with 睘 phonetic. The sūtra text writes it under radical 心 as 慣, which means habituation, not the intended meaning of the sūtra).

39.187

Beautiful person (儷人: the first character is pronounced li [犂 + 帝 fanqie]. The Guangya says: "儷 means fine; beautiful." Fully explained in Fascicle 7).

39.188

Blazing and brilliant (煜爚: the first character is pronounced yu [融 + 宿 fanqie]; the second is pronounced yue [羊 + 灼 fanqie]. The Guangya says: "煜爚 means blazing firelight." The Picang says: "The appearance of flourishing flame." In the Shuowen jiezi both characters are under radical 火, with 昱 and 龠 as phonetics respectively).

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese