一切經音義 56

English (machine translation) 56

Language: English

56.1

Compiled by the Translation Śramaṇa Huilin

Sounds of the Zhengfa nian jing, 70 fascicles — Xuanying
Fo benxing ji jing, 60 fascicles — Xuanying
Benshi jing, 7 fascicles — Huilin
Xingqi xing jing, 2 fascicles — Xuanying
Yebao chabie jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
The sounds for the above five sūtras in 140 fascicles are gathered in this fascicle.

56.3

Zhengfa nian jing, 70 Fascicles: Fascicle 1

56.4

Juemao (䂎矛; Zigu: the ancient script has the two forms 𨥨 and 䂎; presently written as [矛*?], identical; *cu-luan* fanqie [cuān]. Jue (䂎) is a small lance-spear (juemao). Mao (矛) is sometimes written as 鉾, identical; *mo-si* fanqie [móu]. Shuowen jiezi: “A spear two zhang long.” In the sūtra text it is written in the two forms 鋑 and [木*聚], and also written as 牟; none are proper forms).

56.5

Yanniao (鴳鳥; also written as 鷃, identical; *wu-jian* fanqie [yàn]. Yan (鴳) is a quail (que); another name is hu (鳸); another name is cangyan (鶬鴳). Zanwen says: “In Guanzhong, the quail (yan) is called landui, which is this.”).

56.6

Fascicle 2

56.7

Konghe (恐嚇; *hu-jia* fanqie [hè]. Intimidating one another. Classic of Poetry: “And you come to frighten (he) me.” The Commentary says: “To resist is called he.” Fangyan writes it as 恐䦧; Guo Pu gives the pronunciation as *hu-ge* fanqie [xià]; it is also written as 恐嚇, and also said as 恐猲; all have the same meaning. Xie is pronounced with *xu-ge* fanqie [xià/hē]).

56.8

Kongwa (恐凹; *wu-xia* fanqie [wā]. Ziyuan writes it as 凹, meaning sunken. Cang Jie pian writes it as [容/口], meaning soil subsidence. Dian is pronounced with *ding-nian* fanqie [diàn]).

56.9

Ruzhao (如罩; the ancient script has the two forms 罩 and 箌, identical; *zhu-jiao* fanqie [zhào]. Erya: “Zhuo (篧) is called zhao (罩).” Guo Pu says: “A cage for catching fish.” Zhuo is pronounced zhuo [zhuō]).

56.10

Fascicle 3

56.11

Dousou (斗擻; also written as 藪, identical; *su-zou* fanqie [sǒu]. Dousou means to shake up or raise. Zhou Cheng’s Nanzhi says: “Dousou means hugu (豰[愨-心+束]).” Pronounced *du-gu* fanqie [dǔ], and the lower character *su-gu* fanqie [sǔ]. In the sūtra text it is written in the two forms 抖 and 梀, pronounced the same as [抵-氏+豕] and 筞; neither is the proper character form).

56.12

Yanluo (堙羅; the ancient script has the two forms 垔 and 煙; presently written as 㘻, identical; *yu-ren* fanqie [yīn]. The name of the elephant king of Śakra Devānām Indra. In the sūtras it is sometimes named [嘌-示+土]nabo or called Yiluoboduoluo [Airāvata / Elāpattra]. Here translated as ‘Fragrant Leaf’. Its body is nine yojanas long and three yojanas high, its proportions symmetrical. [嘌-示+土] is pronounced with *wu-xian* fanqie [yuān]).

56.13

Fascicle 4

56.14

Juezhuo (攫啄; *jiu-fu* fanqie [jué]. Shuowen jiezi: “Jue (攫) means to seize ([木*(丮-(舉-與)+干)]).” Cang Jie pian: “Jue (攫) means to grasp.” Huainanzi says: “When beasts are cornered they claw (jue); when birds are cornered they peck (zhuo)”; this is it. [木*(丮-(舉-與)+干)] is pronounced *ju-ni* fanqie [jī]).

56.15

Shuita (水獺; the two fanqie pronunciations are *ta-he* and *ta-xia* [tǎ]. Shaped like a small dog, it lives in the water and eats fish. In the sūtra text it is written as 狚, *du-da* fanqie [dàn]; the geda (獦狚) is a beast resembling a wolf with a red head; dan is not the meaning here. Ge is pronounced *gu-he* fanqie [gé]).

56.16

Jiliu (激流; *gong-de* fanqie [jī]. Meaning a rapid current. Shuowen jiezi: “Water patterns surging, or rushing obliquely and swiftly, is called ji.”).

56.17

Fascicle 5

56.18

Tideng (梯隥; *ding-deng* fanqie [dèng]. Guangya: “Deng (隥) means to tread; deng means to face upward, referring to ascending a mountain path.” In the sūtra text it is written as 僜, which is incorrect).

56.19

Gouyao (狗齩; also written as 䶧, identical; *wu-jiao* fanqie [yǎo]. Shuowen jiezi: “Yao (齩) means to bite (nie).” In the sūtra text it is written as 骹, *xi-jiao* fanqie [xiāo], which means shin bone; it is also written as 咬, *hu-jiao* fanqie [xiāo], a whistling arrow; neither glyph form conveys this meaning).

56.20

Shanxie (善挾; *hu-jia* fanqie [xié]. Erya: “Xie (挾) means to hide.” Fangyan: “Jia (頰) means to protect.”).

56.21

Yanmian (掩面; the two fanqie pronunciations are *yu-yan* [yǎn] and *wu-gan* [ǎn]. Guangya: “Yan (掩) means to cover; it also means to conceal.” In the sūtra text it is written as 唵, *yi-gan* fanqie [ǎn]; an means to gobble. Picang: “An (唵) means to put in mouth (ha), referring to eating from the palm.” An is not the meaning here).

56.22

Paitong (排筒; Picang writes it as 韛. Dongguan Hanji: “Using water to operate the bellows (pai).” Wang Bi’s Commentary on the Classic of Changes says: “Tuo (橐) means bellows-sacks; written as 橐, identical; *pi-bai* fanqie [bài]. That which smelters use to blow air and make fires blaze.”).

56.23

Fascicle 6

56.24

Sheduo (射垛; *tu-guo* fanqie [duǒ]. An archery butt (peng). In the sūtra text it is written as 埵, *ding-guo* fanqie [duǒ]; duo means clod, which is not the present meaning. Peng is pronounced with *ming-yin* fanqie [péng]).

56.25

Chanci (鑱刺; *shi-xian* fanqie [chán]. Shuowen jiezi: “Chan (鑱) means sharp.” Guangya: “Chan (鑱) is called pi (鈹).” Pronounced with *pu-pi* fanqie [pī]).

56.26

Fascicle 8

56.27

Tender and delicate (耎枘: [耎 is] ér + yǎn fanqie; the second character is nǎi + kùn fanqie; the Ziyuan writes it as 㬉, meaning soft and crisp; the Tongsu wen writes it as 枘, meaning regeneration; it is also written as 嫰, which is a modern variant; the scripture text writes it as 濡 and also as 𰊀, neither of which is the standard character form).

56.28

Swollen feet (脚𤺄: the Zigu now writes it as [九*重]; both are zhǒng + [重] fanqie; the Tongsu wen states: "Swollen feet are called 𤺄"; 𤺄 is an ailment of the feet; the scripture text writes it as 踵, which is not the standard character form).

56.29

Twisting rope (捩繩: lì + jié fanqie; it means turning and twisting).

56.30

Fascicle Nine

56.31

Iron anvil (鐵砧: also written with the two forms 椹 and 𰤯, both zhū + jīn fanqie; an anvil for ax-heads; the scripture text writes it as 鈂, wén + xīn fanqie, which belongs to boxes or cases; 鈂 does not have this meaning).

56.32

Iron balance-weight (鐵錘: zhí + wēi fanqie; the Guangya states: "A chuí (錘) is called a quán (權)"; it refers to the weight of a steelyard scale; the Fangyan states: "Chuí means heavy").

56.33

Scissors (鉸刀: gǔ + mǎo fanqie; crossing-bladed shears; nowadays they are also called jiǎn (剪); furthermore, shearing a horse is called jiǎodāo (鉸刀); the Shiming states: "Both shears (鉸刀) and paring knives (削刀) take their names according to their seasonal use").

56.34

Pressing hard (驅蹙: zǐ + liù fanqie; cù (蹙) means pressing or urging forward; the Guangya states: "It means urgent"; the scripture text writes it as 踧; [踧踧 means] respectfully leaving one's seat; 踧 also means stepping back cautiously; 踧 does not have this meaning).

56.35

Flying and falling (蜚墮: ancient texts often write fēi (飛) as 蜚; both are fǔ + wéi fanqie; when birds fly it is called fēi (飛); it means flying upward; note that the Han commentary says: "In the first month, sparrows larger than turtledoves and bearing five colors flew past Zheng, and after the second month flew past Chiyang", which illustrates this).

56.36

Foot-soldier's quiver (步靫: chǔ + zhuī fanqie; it refers to a container for arrows; the Tongsu wen states: "An arrow quiver (箙) where arrows are inserted into it"; 箙 is fú + fù fanqie).

56.37

Fascicle Ten

56.38

Silent sound (寂聲: also written with the two forms 𧧌 and 𡧯; both are qíng + lì fanqie; the Fangyan states: "Jì (寂) means tranquil"; the Shuowen jiezi states: "𡧯 means desolate and quiet").

56.39

Licking hands (舓手: ancient texts have the three forms 舓, 𦧇, and 蛇; now written as 舐; all are shí + ěr fanqie; taking food with the tongue; the scripture text has the two forms 𭇇 and 䑛, the origins of which are unseen).

56.40

Ticks and the like (螕等: bǔ + xī fanqie; the Tongsu wen states: "Dog lice are called bì (螕)"; the scripture text writes it as [蜱-(白-日)], fú + bēi fanqie, which are the young of mantises; [蜱-(白-日)] is not the meaning of the character here).

56.41

Sandbank in the water (洲潬: tú + dàn fanqie; the Erya states: "Dàn (潬) is sand emerging [from water]"; Guo Pu says: "Nowadays in Jiangdong, sandbanks within water are called dàn (潬)"; it refers to land in the midst of water; the scripture text has 埏, pronounced yán, which is not the standard character form).

56.42

Fascicle Eleven

56.43

Leeches (作蛭: zhī + yì fanqie; it refers to those that penetrate human skin to feed on blood; in Jiangdong they are called jǐ (蟣), pronounced jù + jǐ fanqie; the scripture text writes it as 螲, pronounced zhī + lì fanqie, which is a mole cricket; it does not have this meaning).

56.44

Earthworm (曲蟺: pronounced shàn; the Gujin zhu states: "It is an earthworm (丘蚓); another name is mìshàn (蜜蟺); in Jiangdong it is called hányǐn (寒蚓); it is fond of singing long notes underground; in Jiangdong they call it 'singing maiden' or 'brick-chirper'"; the scripture text writes it as 蟬, which is not the modern standard form).

56.45

Iron tongs (鐵鉆: qí + lián fanqie; the Shuowen jiezi states: "An iron pincers (鋷)"; it means tweezers used to pick up things; the Cang Jie pian states: "To grip and hold"; the Tongsu wen states: "A blacksmith's tool is called zhān (鉆)"; the scripture text writes it as 鉗, which means using iron to bind a person; 鉗 is not used for this; 鋷 is pronounced nú + shè fanqie).

56.46

Fascicle Twelve

56.47

Clicking the teeth (吒䶩: the standard character is 𪘨; both are zhú + jiē fanqie; the Guangya states: "𪘨 means to gnaw"; the scripture text writes it as 齊, zài + jì fanqie, meaning to bite with the teeth; 嚌 does not have this meaning).

56.48

Fascicle Thirteen

56.49

Yellow catfish (鱯魚: with the two pronunciations huò and huà; the Erya states: "The large ones of the pī (魾) fish are called huò (鱯)"; Sun Yan says: "The huò resembles a catfish (鮎) but is larger and white in color"; 魾 is bèi + jī fanqie; 鮎 is nú + jiān fanqie).

56.50

Tumbling over (𰕂倒: also written in the two forms 㩻 and 𢻪, and as 崎; all are qù + zhī fanqie; the Shuowen jiezi states: "𭽩䧢 means tilting and unstable"; the character is composed of the radical wēi (危) with zhī (支) as the phonetic).

56.51

Expelling breath (杼氣: the two fanqie readings chú + lǚ and shí + rǔ; the Guangya states: "Zhù (杼) means to scoop out; to drain and discharge"; 舀 is yì + shào fanqie).

56.52

Contracted and curled (攣縮: lì + quán fanqie; the Erya states: "Luán (攣) means ailment; it also means cramp or contraction"; the scripture text has the two forms [目*戀] and [病-丙+(聯-耳)], neither of which is the standard character form).

56.53

Pressing and squeezing (壓桚: wū + jiǎ fanqie; the second character is zǐ + hé fanqie; the Zhou Cheng nanzi writes it as 䆘拶; the scripture text has the two forms 押 and 攢, pronounced jiǎ and cuán, which are not used in modern times).

56.54

Privy (庰中: pú + dìng fanqie; the Guangya states: "Bìng (庰) means a latrine or privy (廁、清、圂)"; bìng also means a secluded corner).

56.55

Fascicle Fourteen and Fascicle Fifteen (the above two fascicles have no characters glossed for sound and meaning)

56.56

Fascicle Sixteen

56.57

Blown by wind (飃鼓: gōng + hù fanqie; gǔ (鼓) means to stir or set in motion; note that anything that moves another thing is called gǔ; the scripture text written with the wind radical as [颱-台+(敲-高+壴)] is incorrect).

56.58

Pressing down to squeeze (厭笮: now written as 窄; both are cè + gé fanqie; the Shuowen jiezi states: "Zhà (窄) means to press"; it refers to squeezing out juice).

56.59

Maggots (䏣蟲: qiě + yú fanqie; the Tongsu wen states: "Worms in meat are called dǎn (膽)"; the scripture text writes it as 蛆, zǐ + yú fanqie, which is a centipede; it is also written as 疽, which is an ulcer; neither of these two forms is used nowadays).

56.60

Fascicle Seventeen (no characters glossed for sound and meaning)

56.61

Fascicle Eighteen

56.62

Dark and dim (黤黯: wū + gǎn fanqie; not bright; also dark; the Zuanwen states: "Deep black").

56.63

Blackened nose (齆鼻: yǐ + nòng fanqie; the Picang states: "A blackened nose").

56.64

Portents and monstrosities (𰴁蠥: wǔ + jié fanqie; the Shuowen jiezi states: "Strange occurrences in clothing, folk songs, or plants are called 𰴁; strange monstrosities among birds, beasts, insects, or locusts are called 蠥"; the scripture text writes it as 孽, which means the son of a concubine; it is also written as 孽, which is a modern variant character).

56.65

Emaciated and feeble (尪羸: now written as 尪; both are wū + huáng fanqie; wāng (尪) means weak; léi (羸) means worn out; the Tongsu wen states: "Short and tiny is called wāng"; wāng also means small).

56.66

Soaring and hovering (翱翔: wǔ + gāo fanqie; flying in circles; flying without flapping the wings is called xiáng (翔); the Shiming states: "Áo (翱) means roaming; it speaks of roving around; xiáng (翔) means wandering; it speaks of lingering about").

56.67

Weasels and the like (鼬等: the two fanqie readings yì + zhōu and yóu + jiù; the Zilin states: "An animal resembling a rat, reddish-yellow and larger, is this").

56.68

Fascicles Nineteen and Twenty (the above two fascicles have no characters glossed for sound and meaning)

56.69

Fascicle Twenty-One

56.70

Groaning and sighing (喑噫: yū + jìn fanqie and yǐ + shì fanqie; yīnjiè (喑唶) means crying out loudly; it also means a loud voice; the Shuowen jiezi states: "Yī (噫) means exhaling breath"; the scripture text writes it as 噎, yū + jié fanqie, meaning a choked throat; yē (噎) does not have this meaning).

56.71

Seizing by the lapel (捦䶗: jù + jīn fanqie; the Shuowen jiezi states: "Grasping someone's lapel tightly"; the character has the hand radical; the second character is kǔ + jiā fanqie; nowadays people also speak of seizing with the teeth; the scripture text writing it as 收 is incorrect).

56.72

Fascicles Twenty-Two and Twenty-Three (the above two fascicles have no characters glossed for sound and meaning)

56.73

Fascicle Twenty-Four

56.74

Swallowing gulpingly (䯉䯉: yū + huá fanqie; the Tongsu wen states: "Swallowing in large gulps is called gǔ (䯉)"; the Shuowen jiezi states: "The breath in the throat not passing smoothly"; the scripture text writing it as 唿唿 is incorrect).

56.75

Striking one another (相𢷏: fáng + bǔ fanqie; the Zilin states: "Striking one another with hands is called 𢷏"; it means striking).

56.76

Fascicle Twenty-Five

56.77

Scaly spur (鱗[(色-巴+肉)*巨]: also written in the two forms [(色-巴+肉)*居] and 距; both are qú + lǚ and jū + lǚ fanqie; the spur of a rooster's foot; written with the horn radical or with the fish radical as 鮔 is incorrect).

56.78

Fascicle Twenty-Six

56.79

Crushing under wheels (輾諸: nǚ + zhǎn fanqie; the Shuowen jiezi states: "Zhǎn (輾) means to run over with wheels"; the Cang Jie pian states: "Zhǎn is where a carriage runs over").

56.80

Wearing fine woolen cloth (帶㲨: the Zilin gives ér + zhōng fanqie; fine woolen fabric (𦋺); it is also written as 茸, fine grass).

56.81

Fascicle Twenty-Seven (not previously glossed)

56.82

Fascicle Twenty-Eight

56.83

Harmonious pair (諧耦: hú + jiē and wú + kǒu fanqie; xié (諧) means harmony; ǒu (耦) means pairing; the scripture text has the two forms 借 and 偶, neither of which is the standard character form).

56.84

Leather sandals (革屣: suǒ + qǐ fanqie; leather shoes; the scripture text writing it as 𩊿 is incorrect).

56.85

Flourishing flowers (花勃: pú + mò fanqie; the Guangya states: "Bóbó (勃勃) means flourishing").

56.86

Fascicle Twenty-Nine and Fascicle Thirty (the above two fascicles were not previously glossed)

56.87

Fascicle 31

56.88

Pheasant bird (In ancient script the same as 剃, pronounced with the fanqie 直里. In the scripture text it is written as 鴩, pronounced with the fanqie 餘詰. The Erya states: "鴩 is the pushi [snipe/plover].")

56.89

Grain-stalks (Pronounced with the fanqie 古木. The Tongsuwen states: "The stalks of grain are called 䓀䅵; 䅵 is pronounced with the fanqie 奴穀.")

56.90

Trigger release (The Shuowen jiezi states: "Releasing an arrow from shooting." The mechanism (ji) is the device that governs the release; that is, the pivot that controls movement and turning.)

56.91

Vast sky (Currently written as 普; pronounced with the fanqie 亾古. The commentary on the Shijing states: "Pu means vast; it also means pervasive.")

56.92

Fascicle 32

56.93

Trickling stream (Pronounced with the fanqie 古玄. The Zilin states: "A small stream of water.")

56.94

Everyday undergarment (In ancient script written in four forms—絬, 媟, 暬, and [洪-八+木]; currently written as 褻, pronounced with the fanqie 息列. 褻 means ordinary/informal. The Analects states: "Red and purple were not used for everyday undergarments." Wang Su says: "This refers to private clothes, not robes for official gatherings.")

56.95

Harmonious talk (In ancient script written in three forms—𦧵, 譮, and䛋; pronounced with the fanqie 胡快. To gather and speak good words. In the scripture text it is written as 譁, pronounced like 花 [hua], meaning clamour, which is not the proper character meaning.)

56.96

Stag and doe (Pronounced 加 [jia]. The Shuowen jiezi states: "A male deer, which sheds its horns at the summer solstice." The second character is also written as 𪋎, pronounced with the fanqie 於牛. The Shuowen jiezi states: "A female deer.")

56.97

Fascicle 33, Fascicle 34, Fascicle 35, Fascicle 36 (The above four fascicles previously lacked phonetic glosses)

56.98

Fascicle 37

56.99

Startled and shaken (Pronounced with the two fanqie 胡郭 and 況縛. The Cangjiepian states: "㦜 means alarmed.")

56.100

Fascicle 38 (Previously lacked phonetic glosses)

56.101

Fascicle 39

56.102

Flitting deceiver (In character dictionaries sometimes written as 貼; pronounced with the fanqie 式冉. The Shuowen jiezi states: "Shan describes the appearance of peeking with one's head.")

56.103

Fascicle 40, Fascicle 41, Fascicle 42, Fascicle 43 (The above four fascicles previously lacked phonetic glosses)

56.104

Fascicle 44

56.105

Seeking profit (In character dictionaries written as 徼; pronounced with the fanqie 古堯. It means to seek; to intercept; also to demand.)

56.106

Melia tree (In ancient script the same as 柬; pronounced with the fanqie 力見. Its seeds are white and sticky, usable for washing clothes. In the scripture text it is written as 練, which is not the correct standard form.)

56.107

Fascicle 45

56.108

Frequently blinking (In the Tongsuwen it is not 䁋; the Ziyuan writes it as 貶, pronounced with the fanqie 莊狹. It means repeatedly opening and closing the eyes. In the scripture text it is written as 䀹, pronounced with the fanqie 子葉, meaning eyelashes; 䀹 is not the correct character form.)

56.109

Fascicle 46

56.110

Persimmon-date (Pronounced with the fanqie 如兖, and also 盈井. The Shuowen jiezi states: "Resembles a persimmon but is smaller." Also written as 㮕, with the wood radical and 耎 phonetic. In the scripture text it is written as 𣽈, which is not the correct standard form.)

56.111

Re-sown beans (Pronounced with the fanqie 竹尸. The Guangya states: "Resown beans.")

56.112

Fascicle 47

56.113

Dense and crowded (In ancient script the same as 蔇; pronounced with the fanqie 居置. The Shuowen jiezi states: "Chou means plentiful." Ji also means dense.)

56.114

Lizard (Pronounced with the fanqie 斯歷; the second character is pronounced 亦 [yi]. East of the mountains they are called 𧉿𧐎; west of the Shan Pass they are called gecko (bigong). Those found in the grass are called lizards (xiyi). In the scripture text it is written as 蝲, which is not the correct form. 𧉿 is pronounced with the fanqie 士賜; 𧐎 is pronounced 覓 [mi].)

56.115

Fascicle 48

56.116

Hanging down and sweeping out (Pronounced with the borrowed sound of the fanqie 他弔. It describes heavenly robes extending far out.)

56.117

Inchworm crawl (Pronounced with the two fanqie 丘昭 and 綺驕. The Shuowen jiezi states: "An insect skilled at climbing trees." In the scripture text it is written as 挑, pronounced with the fanqie 吐堯, meaning to poke or pick; 桃 does not convey the meaning of the character.)

56.118

Unworthy (Pronounced with the fanqie 先妙. The Erya states: "Not resembling." It means not equal to others. In the scripture text it is written as 消, which is incorrect.)

56.119

Castration (Also written in the two forms [牛*(虎-儿+又)] and [劇-豕+又]; pronounced with the fanqie 紀言. The Tongsuwen states: "Using a knife to remove the genitals is called [牛*(虎-儿+又)]." The character takes the ox radical.)

56.120

Imitate and practice (Pronounced with the fanqie 甫往. The Guangya states: "Fang means to imitate; also to follow or to compare." In the scripture text it is written as 坊, which is incorrect.)

56.121

Fascicle 49, Fascicle 50, Fascicle 51, Fascicle 52, Fascicle 53, Fascicle 54, Fascicle 55 (The above seven fascicles lack phonetic glosses)

56.122

Fascicle 56

56.123

Citra (Pronounced with the fanqie 指移. The name of a flower, the citrā flower. In the scripture text it is written with the mouth radical as 吱, taking the rolling of the tongue.)

56.124

Serene and clear (Pronounced with the fanqie 烏雁. The Shuowen jiezi states: "Clear sky." Yan also describes an appearance of verdant calm. In the scripture text it is written with the gate radical as 𨶁, which is not the standard form.)

56.125

Fascicle 57

56.126

Roaring (Also written as 唬; pronounced with the fanqie 呼交. The Shuowen jiezi states: "The roar of a tiger. Another view says a lion." It takes the tiger radical and 九 as phonetic.)

56.127

Protruding belly (Pronounced with the fanqie 徒結. The Ziyuan writes it as 凸, meaning projecting outward. The Cangjiepian writes it as 𥥌, meaning uneven.)

56.128

Roaring and berating (In ancient script written in two forms, 呴 and 吽; currently written as 拘, pronounced with the fanqie 呼苟. The Shenglei states: "吽 means howling." The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 呼戒. The Yunji writes it as 㖑, meaning to scold. The Cangjie xungu writes it as 欸, an angry sound. The Tongsuwen writes it as 䛥, meaning speaking loudly; it is like saying 㖑咄 [berating and shouting] or calling out 㖑, which are all the same.)

56.129

Edema (Pronounced with the fanqie 之𢤱. A swelling ailment. In the scripture text it is written as 㽷, both forms not being standard.)

56.130

Fascicle 58

56.131

Nīla (Pronounced with the fanqie 吳鷄. In various scriptures it is written as 冝羅, which is merely a corrupted variation of the Sanskrit pronunciation.)

56.132

Windowed boat (Pronounced with the fanqie 歷丁. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci states: "A boat with windows." Character dictionaries state: "A boat with a cabin on it is called 𦫃.")

56.133

Hunchbacked (Pronounced with the two fanqie 於矩 and 力主. The Tongsuwen states: "A bent spine is called hunchbacked." In the scripture text it is written in the two forms 迂 and 遱; both sound and character are inverted. 迂 means to evade. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 力侯. The Shuowen jiezi states: "連遱; neither represents the meaning of the character here.")

56.134

Bamboo ranks (Pronounced with the fanqie 胡當; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 力折. The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 'order'; it means that bamboo has rows and tiers, which are called 笐𥬭.)

56.135

Fascicle 59, Fascicle 60, Fascicle 61, Fascicle 62, Fascicle 63 (The above previously lacked phonetic and semantic glosses)

56.136

Fascicle 64

56.137

Well-sweep (Also written in two forms, 桔 and 揳; pronounced with the fanqie 古齧. The second character is pronounced 高 [gao]. The Tongsuwen states: "A mechanical water-drawing device is called a well-sweep.")

56.138

Numbness and paralysis (Currently written as 庳; pronounced with the fanqie 俾利. The Shuowen jiezi states: "Qi failing to reach the feet." In the scripture text it is written as 庳, pronounced with the fanqie 必二. The Shuowen jiezi states: "A dampness disease; wind paralysis and cold paralysis.")

56.139

Hair ailment (Pronounced with the fanqie 相奉, 勑典, and 勑管. A disease of the hair; it is not yet clear from where the sound and character originate.)

56.140

Fascicle 65

56.141

Ulcer disease (The Zilin gives the fanqie 方遙. It is an ulcerating sore disease. In the scripture text it is written as 螵; the character is the same as 蜱, pinzhi pishao [mantis egg-case]; 螵 is not the meaning of the character here.)

56.142

Or indolent (Pronounced with the fanqie 臾乳. This refers to laziness and indolence. The Erya states: "窳 means toil." The character 窳 is composed of 穴 and two 爪.)

56.143

Emaciated and lean (In ancient script written in three forms—𤶬, 𤹠, and 膌; pronounced with the fanqie 才積. The Shuowen jiezi states: "膌 means thin; also frail.")

56.144

Swollen prominence (Pronounced with the fanqie 直隹. The Shuowen jiezi states: "To protrude." Nowadays south of the Yangzi River people say 顀頭 to describe a protruding swelling. In the scripture text it is written as 膇, which is incorrect.)

56.145

Pelvis bone (Pronounced with the fanqie 苦霸. The hip bone. The Shuowen jiezi states: "髁 means the thigh bone." The character takes the bone radical with 果 phonetic. In the scripture text it is written as 𱅯, pronounced with the fanqie 古岸, meaning ribs; it is also written as [疏-(梳-木)+(夸-大+(((嘹-口)-小)-日))][疏-(梳-木)+居]; neither applies here.)

56.146

Straight and stiff (In ancient script the same as 𮟖; pronounced with the fanqie 他頂. The Tongsuwen states: "Flat and straight is called 侹." In the scripture text it is written as [身*(廷-壬+手)], which is incorrect; no source for it has been seen.)

56.147

[金*((白-日+田)/廾)]羅: (Fanqie: 普 + 迷 [pǔ-mí]). It means the name of an accomplished person (siddha). It is a Sanskrit word.

56.148

Fascicle 66 (Previously not glossed for sounds).

56.149

Fascicle 67

56.150

蛕母: (Also written as 蛔; fanqie: 胡 + 瓌 [hú-guī]). The Cangjie xungu states: 'The huí is a worm inside the belly.'

56.151

呀骨: (Fanqie: 呼 + 家 [hū-jiā]). The name of an insect.

56.152

頻伽: (Fanqie: 毘 + 人 [pí-rén]). In the sūtra text it is written as [跎-匕+(一/少/貝)][口*(實-毌+(眉-目))]; upon examination, neither form is attested.

56.153

Fascicle 68

56.154

䲨鳥: (The ancient character was 准. According to the Shenglei, it is also written as 𩿨; fanqie: 胡 + 公 [hú-gōng]). A wild swan or goose (hónghú).

56.155

凹𥦃: (Traditionally pronounced as fanqie: 若 + 簟 [ruò-diàn]). The origin of this name and its meaning are not yet known.

56.156

甄波: (Fanqie: 居 + 延 [jū-yán]). The name of a fruit, namely the kiṃpāka fruit. In the sūtra text, some write 甄 with the mouth radical (口), which is incorrect.

56.157

Fascicle 69 and Fascicle 70 (The above two fascicles were previously not glossed for sounds).

56.158

Abhiniṣkramaṇa-sūtra (The Collective Work on the Buddha's Past Deeds), sixty fascicles, Fascicle 1

56.159

Compiled by Xuanying

56.160

Abhiniṣkramaṇa-sūtra, Fascicle 1

56.161

Compiled by Xuanying

56.162

迦蘭陁鳥 (kalandaka bird): (Also called 柯蘭陁 [kelantuo], or written as 迦蘭䭾迦 [kalandaka], or said as 羯蘭鐸迦 [kalandaka]; all are variations of the Sanskrit pronunciation, light or heavy. This is translated as 'bird of melodious voice'. According to the Records of Foreign Countries, its shape resembles a magpie, but these birds flock together and mostly roost in bamboo groves. In ancient times, a king was sleeping in the grove when a snake came wishing to sting him. The bird's cry awakened him. Grateful for its kindness, the king scattered food to nourish the bird. The householder who owned the grove subsequently took his name from this, being named Kalandaka. It was formerly occupied by non-Buddhists, but was later offered to the Tathāgata).

56.163

耆那 (Jina): (Also called 視那 [shina] or written as 嗜那 [shina]. This is translated as 'victorious', meaning the 'most victorious one').

56.164

牀鋪: (Fanqie: 普 + 胡 [pǔ-hú]). The Guangya states: 'Pū means to arrange.' Pū also means to spread out, or to stretch out. The phrase 'spreading out small tables and mats' in the Liji is an example.

56.165

記別 (vyākaraṇa): (Fanqie: 稗 + 列 [bài-liè]). It means distinguishing and explaining. Older sūtras often say 印駐 [yìnzhù]. In the sūtra text, writing it with the grass radical as 莂 is incorrect.

56.166

毘盧 (Viro / Vairocana): (Also said as 吠嚧遮那 [Vairocana] or said as 鞞嚧柘那 [Vairocana]. This is translated as 'Universally Illuminating'. In dictionaries, the character 嚧 does not exist; the mouth radical was added for sense to distinguish it. The sound of 盧 should be the fanqie: 犖 + 俱 [luò-jū]).

56.167

首陁婆娑 (Śuddhāvāsa): (Also said as 秫陁婆娑私陁 [śuddhāvāsa…]. Śuddha is translated here as 'pure' (jing); vāsa is translated here as 'palace' (gong), also called 'dwelling' (she), or 'place' (chu); that is, the Five Pure Abodes heavens).

56.168

Fascicle 2

56.169

誕育: (Fanqie: 達 + 坦 [dá-tǎn]). The Shijing states: '誕彌厥月' (She completed her months of gestation). The Commentary says: 'Dàn means great.' The Subcommentary says: 'Great was Houji; it means that in his mother's womb, he fulfilled the ten months of the human course and was born.'

56.170

層閣: (Two fanqie: 子 + 恒 [zǐ-héng] and 字 + 恒 [zì-héng]). The Shuowen jiezi states: 'A multi-storied building.' The Shanhaijing speaks of 'cloud canopies of three layers'; Guo Pu says: 'Céng means layered, also piled up.'

56.171

溘然: (Fanqie: 口 + 合 [kǒu-hé]). The Chuci states: 'I would rather suddenly die and drift away.' Wang Yi says: 'Kè is like suddenly.' The Guangya states: 'Kè means to depend on.'

56.172

必栗: (The Zuanwen states: 'The bìlì is the name of a musical instrument of the Qiang and Hu peoples.' In the sūtra text it is written as 篳篥 [bìlì]).

56.173

舐𭭇: (The ancient characters had two forms, 舓 and 𦧇; now written as 括, also written as 舐; fanqie: 食 + 爾 [shí-ěr]; it means to take food with the tongue. The second character is also written as 嗽; fanqie: 所 + 𧢲 [suǒ-jué]; the Tongsuwen states: 'To hold in the mouth and suck is called shuò.' The Sancang states: 'Shuò means to suck.' The pronunciation of 吮 is the fanqie: 似 + 兖 [sì-yǎn]).

56.174

Fascicle 3

56.175

埏主: (Fanqie: 以 + 旃 [yǐ-zhān]). The ruler of the eight borders. The Hanshu yinyi states: 'The eight shān are the eight boundaries of the earth.'

56.176

巷術: (Fanqie: 脣 + 聿 [chún-yù]). The Cangjie pian states: 'The roads inside a town or city are called shù; shù means paths and roads.'

56.177

抴我: (Fanqie: 夷 + 世 [yí-shì]; also written as 曳). The Guangya states: 'Yè means to pull.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Yè means to extend, to drag.'

56.178

Fascicle 4 (Previously not glossed for sounds and meanings)

56.179

Fascicle 5

56.180

鵁鶄: (Pronounced jiāoqīng). The name of a bird, also called jiāolúcí. They flock over winding hills, flying in swarms like hens, resembling egrets with tall legs. People between the Changjiang and Huai rivers raise them to ward off fires.

56.181

龜鼇: (Fanqie: 吾 + 高 [wú-gāo]). The Zilin states: 'A giant turtle in the ocean, whose strength carries the three mountains of Penglai, Yingzhou, and Fanghu.'

56.182

白鷺: (In character dictionaries written as 鸕; fanqie: 來 + 素 [lái-sù]). A white bird. On its head, wings, and back, there are long flight feathers. In Jiangdong they collect them to make feather ornaments called báilùxiāng. The pronunciation of 纕 is the fanqie: 蘇 + 雷 [sū-léi]).

56.183

鸕鶿: (Fanqie: 郎 + 都 [láng-dū]; the second character is also written as 鶿; fanqie: 才 + 資 [cái-zī]). The Zilin states: 'The cormorant resembles a teal and is black; it is a water bird. Its throat and head are curved like a hook, and it feeds on fish. This bird gives birth through the mouth, vomiting them out, giving birth to eight or nine at one brood. In the central plains, people sometimes call it the water crow.' The pronunciation of 鷁 is the fanqie: 五 + 歷 [wǔ-lì]).

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Fascicle 6

56.185

𮏑囿: (Fanqie: 于 + 救 [yú-jiù]). The Zilin states: 'With a wall it is called a wǎn; without a wall it is called a yòu. A yòu is also a forbidden park.'

56.186

庶幾: The Erya states: 'Shùjǐ means to esteem; shù also means fortunate.' Guo Pu states: 'Shùjǐ means fortuitous; shù means to hope, jǐ means fortunate; hoping for good fortune in the good path. Jǐ also means minute.'

56.187

Fascicle 7

56.188

嵬㠑: (Fanqie: 牛 + 迴 [niú-huí]; the second character has the fanqie: 徝 + 隗 [zhì-wěi]). The Shuowen jiezi states: 'High and level.' 㠑 is the appearance of a mountain.

56.189

舐啜: (Fanqie: 時 + 悅 [shí-yuè]). The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Chuò means to taste.' The Erya states: 'Chuò means to eat.' Guo Pu says: 'Chuò means picking up food to eat.' The Tongsuwen writes it as 𠽶. Nowadays it is commonly used to mean sipping or eating minced food.

56.190

阡陌: (Fanqie: 且 + 田 [qiě-tián]). The Fengsu tong states: 'North-south paths are called qiān; east-west paths are called mò.' The Guangya states: 'Mò means roads.' The Shiji states: 'Duke Xiao of Qin destroyed the well-field boundaries and opened up the qiānmò paths.'

56.191

鑒於: (In character dictionaries written as 鑑; fanqie: 古 + 鑱 [gǔ-chán]). The Guangya states: 'Jiàn means to reflect; jiàn refers to a mirror.' The Shijing states: 'My mind is not a mirror.' The Commentary states: 'A mirror is that by which one examines form.'

56.192

懷孕: (The ancient character was [月*(罩-卓+(田/十))]; fanqie: 夷 + 證 [yí-zhèng]). The Sancang states: 'Yùn means to carry a child.' The Guangya states: 'Yùn means pregnant (shēn).' The character is composed of the radical 子 (child) and phonetic 乃.

56.193

嵐毘: (Fanqie: 力 + 含 [lì-hán]). Also called 流毘尼 [Liupini], or 林微尼 [Linweini]; correctly pronounced 藍軬尼 [Lumbinī]. This translates as 'salt' (lavaṇa), which was the name of an ancient spirit who guarded the garden; the garden was named after her. Vana translates here as 'grove'; it is also translated as 'place of liberation', or 'extinction', or 'severance'. The pronunciation of 軬 is the fanqie: 扶 + 晚 [fú-wǎn].

56.194

鞍隥: (Fanqie: 都 + 鄧 [dū-dèng]). The stirrup on a horse saddle; that which one treads on to mount a horse. In the sūtra text it is written as 鐙, which is an ancient form of 燈.

56.195

鏗鏘: (Also written as 銵; fanqie: 苦 + 耕 [kǔ-gēng]; the second character is also written as 瑲; fanqie: 且 + 羊 [qiě-yáng]). The Guangya states: 'Kēngqiāng denotes a sound.' We note in the Liji: 'Zixia listened to their clanging sound.' The Zilin gives the fanqie: 又 + 衡 [yòu-héng]. The Picang states: 'Qiāng is the sound of metal.'

56.196

勁勇: (Fanqie: 居 + 盛 [jū-shèng]). The Zilin states: 'Jìn means strong.' The character is composed of the radical 力 with the phonetic 巠. The pronunciation of 巠 is the fanqie: 古 + 定 [gǔ-dìng].

56.197

色虹: (Fanqie: 胡 + 公 [hú-gōng]). Guo Pu's Erya yinyi states: 'When rainbows appear in pairs, the vivid and bright one is the male, called hóng; the darker one is the female, called ní.' Ní is also written as 霓 (fanqie: 五 + 奚 [wǔ-xī], in common pronunciation fanqie: 古 + 巷 [gǔ-xiàng]); it is a dark blue rainbow.

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese