一切經音義 93

English (machine translation) 93

Language: English

93.1

Compiled by the Translation-Bureau Monk Huilin

93.2

Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks, Fascicle Eleven (From eleven through sixteen)

𣏌梓 'Willow and catalpa' (The first character is pronounced like 杞 [*kɨX*], the name of a tree. The Classic of Mountains and Seas states: 'On the Mountain of Dongshen there is a tree resembling a poplar with reddish grain, whose sap is like blood; it has no fruit and is named 𣏌.' The second character has the fanqie [茲死, *tsiX*], the name of a southern tree. When one appraises catalpa (梓) and lacquer trees, they are fit for making zithers (qin and se). The Shuowen notes both derive from [the radical] 'tree' and are phono-semantic characters).

93.4

勍鋒 'Formidable vanguard' (The first character has the fanqie [競迎, *gjeng*]. The Zuo Commentary states: 'A formidable (勍) opponent.' The Shuowen states: '勍 means strong.' The Maicang states: 'It means robust.' The Guangya states: 'The appearance of martial vigor.' It derives from [the radical] 'strength' and has the sound 京).

93.5

竚聆 'Stand and listen' (The first character has the fanqie [除呂, *drjwoX*]. The Zijing states: '竚 means to stand and wait; it is sometimes written as 佇 or 宁; the sound and meaning are the same.' The second character has the fanqie [力丁, *leng*]. The Yunquan states: '聆 means to hear; it is sometimes written with [the radical] "stand" as 聆.' The Shuowen states: 'It derives from [the radical] "ear" and has the sound 令.').

93.6

亟動 'Move urgently' (The first character has the fanqie [矝力, *kik*]. The Shuowen states it derives from 二, from ancient 'man', from 'mouth', and from 'hand' (又). The Yunying states: '亟 means urgent. Between heaven and earth, man is most urgent regarding hands and mouth; it is an ideogrammic character.').

93.7

自揣 'Estimate oneself' (The fanqie is [初委, *tshwjeX*]. It means to divide or measure. The Shuowen notes it derives from [the radical] 'hand' and has the sound 耑).

93.8

齊鑣 'Align the bits' (The fanqie is [表苗, *bjiew*]. It refers to what now pushes foam out above the horse's bit. In the biography text it is written with [the radical] "horse" as 騼, which is incorrect).

93.9

敻古 'Remote antiquity' (The fanqie is [血縣, *xwenH*]. The Kaosheng states: 'It means distant, or to seek out.' The Shuowen notes it derives from [the radical] 'man', from 'vessel' (皿), and has the sound 旻. The component 𦉪 is pronounced 營 [*ywaeng*], and 旻 has the fanqie [兄域, *xwik*]).

93.10

王頍 'Wang Kui' (The fanqie is [窺絹, *khywenH*]. The Shuowen states: 'A small, sharp head; to raise the head; it derives from 支 and 頁.' 窺 has the fanqie [鈌規, *khywe*]).

93.11

砥礪 'Whetstones' (The first character is pronounced like 止 [*tśiX*], the second like 例 [*ljieH*]. Kong [Anguo]'s commentary to the Book of Documents states: 'A whetstone (砥) is finer than a coarse grindstone (礪); both are grinding stones.' The Classic of Mountains and Seas states: 'It comes out from Mount Yanzhi, where there are many such stones.').

93.12

有瀅 'Clear and deep' (The fanqie is [縈定, *ʔwengH*]. The appearance of water being pure, clear, and deep).

93.13

𮜭躄 'Cripple and lame' (The first character has the fanqie [力傳, *lywen*], the second has the fanqie [卑亦, *pjek*]. It means lacking physical completeness; explained previously).

93.14

蘄州 'Qi Prefecture' (The first character is pronounced like 其 [*gɨ*]).

93.15

層巘 'Layered peaks' (The first character has the fanqie [賊棱, *dzyəng*], the second has the fanqie [言謇, *ngjenX*]. It means mountain cliffs).

93.16

崤函 'Xiao and Han [gorges]' (The first character has the fanqie [戶交, *haew*], the second is pronounced like 咸 [*haem*]).

93.17

寺墌 'Monastery foundation' (The fanqie is [征亦, *tśjek*]. It means foundation).

93.18

郿 'Mei' (Pronounced like 眉 [*mji*]. The name of a county).

93.19

卓犖 'Outstanding and preeminent' (The fanqie is [力卓, *laek*]. The Kaosheng states: 'The appearance of height; it means the person is heroic, outstanding, and talented.').

93.20

雄憨 'Bold and simple' (The fanqie is [呼濫, *xamH*]. The Yupian quotes the Mao Commentary to the Classic of Poetry: '憨 means simple and naive.' It derives from [the radical] 'heart' and has the sound 敢).

93.21

常莅 'Ever presiding' (The fanqie is [梨至, *ljiH*]. The Kaosheng states: 'It means to attend or oversee.' It derives from [the radical] 'grass' and has the sound 位).

93.22

江漘 'Riverbank' (The fanqie is [順春, *dźjwin*]. The Yunying states: 'The border or edge of the water.' Guo [Pu]'s commentary to the Erya states: 'Where the upper edge of the bank is level, and the water below is deep, it is called a 漘 (bank).' It is unvoiced; it derives from [the radical] 'water' and has the sound 脣).

93.23

止泊 'Anchor and stay' (The fanqie is [膊莫, *bak*]. Wang [Yi]'s commentary to the Chuci states: '泊 means to stop; where one can dwell and halt within waters is called 泊.' It derives from [the radical] 'water' and has the sound 白).

93.24

鉦鼓 'Gong and drum' (The first character has the fanqie [之盈, *tśjeng*]. The Mao Commentary to the Classic of Poetry states: 'The gong (鉦) is used to halt them, the drum is used to move them.' The Shuowen states: '鉦 is a handheld bell (鐃).' It derives from [the radical] 'metal' and has the sound 正).

93.25

麈尾 'Deer-tail fly-whisk' (The first character is pronounced like 主 [*tśjwoX*]. It is a hair-fan, resembling the tail of an elk (麈 deer), with its handle adorned with precious gems, named the elk-tail fan. Lecturers and debaters use it as a baton for conversation).

93.26

慰賻 'Condolence and funeral gift' (The fanqie is [符付, *bjuH*], homophonous with 附. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary to the Rites of Zhou states: 'This refers to presenting funeral gifts to the mourning family—clothing for the deceased, assisting their insufficiencies. What is sent to the deceased is called 𮚐, and what is sent to the living is called 賻.' 𮚐 has the fanqie [豊諷, *pjuwngH*]. The Shuowen notes it derives from [the radical] 'cowrie' and has the sound 尃).

93.27

瘞于 'Bury at' (The fanqie is [於罽, *ʔjejH*]. The Erya states: 'Sacrificing to Heaven is called burning firewood (燔柴); sacrificing to Earth is called burying deep (𡏽𦷯).' Guo Pu says: 'Secluded burial; 瘞 means to bury.').

93.28

Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks, Fascicle Twelve

93.29

恭撝 'Respectful demeanor' (The fanqie is [毀為, *xjwe*]. Wang [Bi]'s commentary to the Book of Changes states: '撝 means pointing left and right.' It is a phono-semantic character).

93.30

恪慎 'Reverent and cautious' (The fanqie is [康各, *khak*]. The Yunying states: 'It means respectful.' It is also written as 㤩 or 愙, both the same).

93.31

確法師 'Dharma Master Que' (The fanqie is [腔角, *khraek*]; 腔 has the fanqie [可江, *khaewng*]. 確 is also written as 塙 or 碻. The Yunying states: 'The appearance of firmness; fixed and unshakeable.').

93.32

斷覈 'Judge and examine' (The first character has the fanqie [端亂, *twanH*], meaning to decide a legal case. The second character has the fanqie [衡革, *haek*]. The Book of Han states: 'To examine their crimes.' The Shuowen states: 'To investigate the real facts.' It derives from 西 [west]—西 having the fanqie [呀賈, *xjaX*]—and has the sound 敫; 敫 is pronounced 擊 [*kek*]).

93.33

暅公 'Venerable Geng' (The fanqie is [𡶩鄧, *həngH*]. The Yunying states: '暅 means dry.' It is a phono-semantic character, and also an ideogrammic character).

93.34

商搉 'Deliberate and evaluate' (Pronounced like 角 [*kaek*]. Gu Yewang states: '搉 means to weigh or evaluate.').

93.35

濤浦 'Surging wave and inlet' (The first character is pronounced like 桃 [*daw*], the second like 普 [*phwoX*]; both derive from [the radical] 'water').

93.36

照鑠 'Bright and dazzling' (The second character has the fanqie [傷灼, *śjak*]. Guo Pu says: '鑠 means bright and luminous.' It is a phono-semantic character).

93.37

孝凱 'Triumphant music of filial piety' (The fanqie is [開改, *khaejX*]. The Yunying states: 'The name of music played when the army returns in triumph.').

93.38

撤膳 'Withdraw meals' (The first character has the fanqie [恥列, *trhjet*]. The Yunying states: 'To draw away with the hand.' It derives from [the radical] 'hand' and is a phono-semantic character).

93.39

慧昞 'Huibing' (The fanqie is [兵皿, *pjengX*]; 皿 has the fanqie [明丙, *mjaengX*]. It is also written as 昺; 昺 means bright; a person's name).

93.40

幽賾 'Profound and abstruse' (The second character has the fanqie [柴責, *tsrhaek*]. An expression for deep and secluded mystery; it derives from [〡*臣]; [〡*臣] is pronounced 夷 [*ji*]).

93.41

摳衣 'Lift the hem of one's garment' (The fanqie is [口侯, *khəw*]. The Record of Rites states: 'Lift the garments with both hands.' The Kaosheng states: 'To hitch up the robe.' It derives from [the radical] 'hand').

93.42

傅縡 'Fu Zai' (Pronounced like 載 [*tsəjH*]; a personal name. The second character, 縡, means affairs).

93.43

霈然 'Torrents pouring down' (Pronounced like 配 [*phajH*]. The Kaosheng states: '霶霈 describes the appearance of heavy rain.').

93.44

庂席 'Narrow mat' (The first character is pronounced like 側 [*tsrik*]. The Book of Documents states: 'Disclosing and lifting up those in obscurity (庂陋),' which means broadly seeking virtuous men).

93.45

踟蹰 'Hesitating and wavering' (The first character has the fanqie [長知, *drje*], or written as 躊 with the fanqie [長留, *drjuw*]. The second character has the fanqie [長誅, *drju*], or written as 躊 with the fanqie [長於, *drjwo*]. Both characters have two graphic forms and are interchangeable. The Kaosheng states: '徘徊 (pacing back and forth); having a slight doubt and being uncertain, not advancing.' Both derive from [the radical] 'foot' and are phono-semantic characters).

93.46

度棧 'Cross the plank walkway' (The fanqie is [查限, *tsheanX*]. A boarded path across treacherous cliffs. It derives from [the radical] 'wood' and has the sound 戔; 戔 has the same pronunciation as above).

93.47

捻掇 'Grasp and lift' (The second character has the fanqie [端活, *twat*]. To take up with the hand (拈取). 拈 has the fanqie [念兼, *nem*]; it derives from [the radical] 'hand').

93.48

冲邃 'Deep and serene' (The first character has the fanqie [逐融, *drjowng*], the second has the fanqie [雖醉, *swijH*]. The appearance of unfathomable depth, found in the Xiao Erya).

93.49

恂恂 'Cautious and diligent' (Pronounced like 巡 [*sjin*]. 恂恂 refers to guiding untiringly).

93.50

陟𱀆 'Zhigu Monastery' (The first character has the fanqie [徵力, *trjik*], the second is pronounced like 岵 [*huX*]. The name of a monastery during the Northern Zhou dynasty).

93.51

彞倫 'Constant relationships' (The first character is pronounced like 夷 [*ji*], or written with ⺕ and 廾 as 彞. 彝 means constant; in ancient script it is written as 𰐥).

93.52

扃閉 'Bar and close' (The first character has the fanqie [癸營, *kweng*]).

93.53

淹漬 'Submerge and soak' (The first character has the fanqie [掩炎, *ʔjem*]. The Zuo Commentary says: 'To steep for a long time.' The second character has the fanqie [慈寺, *dzjI*]. The Shuowen states: '漬 means to macerate (漚); it also means to soak.').

93.54

Strike the pole (打剎, the first character has the fanqie 徒丁 [dīng], or written as 楟; the Shuowen says: "打 means to strike; 撞 is pronounced like 濁江 [zhuó]").

93.55

Repair and construct (繕構, the first character is pronounced like 善; Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says: "繕 means to repair"; the Shuowen says: "To mend"; the second character has the fanqie 溝候 [gòu]; the Yupian says: "To erect a building"; the Shuowen says: "To cover"; it is a phono-semantic compound).

93.56

Menial and lowly (廝下, [the first character] has the fanqie 先齎 [xī]; the Kaosheng says: "Darkened; voice broken; a lowly person; hence menials of lowly rank").

93.57

Disposition and integrity (情槩, [the second character] has the fanqie 該礙 [gài]; the Kaosheng says: "Integrity / moral restraint; it is an associative compound derived from 木").

93.58

Bursting apart ([火*(晏-女+(大/((犀-尸)-牛+十)))]裂, the first character has the fanqie 色貌 [shào]; it means sparks bursting from fire; when making a sound, it is called popping [爆]).

93.59

Barefoot (徒跣, [the second character] has the fanqie 先剪 [xiǎn]; feet directly on the ground without wearing shoes; the Shuowen says: "Derived from 足 with 先 as its phonetic").

93.60

Stumble and falter (躓𰸴, the first character has the fanqie 知利 [zhì]; the Yupian says: "躓 means to stumble"; the second character has the fanqie 我蓋 [ài]; the Kaosheng says: "Not advancing").

93.61

Praise and commend (褒美, the first character has the fanqie 保毛 [bāo]; meaning to praise and extol).

93.62

Radiantly bright (焜煌, the first character has the fanqie 魂穩 [kùn]; the second character is pronounced like 皇; the Fangyan says: "The appearance of overflowing brilliance; 焜 means dazzling"; the Shuowen says: "煌 means bright; a phono-semantic compound").

93.63

Bestow gifts (嚫錫, [the first character] has the fanqie 初阠 [chèn]; 阠 is pronounced 莘 [shēn]; fanqie of 儭; written with 貝 in the transmission is erroneous; the Yunying says: "Bestowing with intimacy; derived from 口 with 親 as its phonetic").

93.64

Agile and quick (機捷, [the second character] has the fanqie 潛葉 [jié]; the Kaosheng says: "Intelligent; swift; victorious in battle; robust"; the Shuowen says: "Derived from 手 with 疌 as its phonetic"; 疌 has the same pronunciation as above).

93.65

Sobbing and sighing (歔欷, the first character is pronounced like 虛; the second character is pronounced like 希; the Kaosheng says: "Grief and sorrow; the lingering sound of weeping; both derived from 欠 as phono-semantic compounds").

93.66

Tears streaming (連洏, the second character has the fanqie 耳之 [ér]; the Yunlüe says: "連洏 describes the continuous flowing of tears; the Yijing says: 'Weeping tears of blood continuously (漣洏)' is an example; it is a phono-semantic compound").

93.67

Selected and known (擢知, [the first character] is pronounced like 濁; meaning chosen and recognized).

93.68

High clogs (高屧, [the second character] has the fanqie 暹葉 [xiè]; the Kaosheng says: "Like wooden clogs but thick without raised feet; [written as] 之[尸@(ㄊ/木)][尸@(ㄊ/木)], pronounced the same; having a wooden sole").

93.69

Carrying on a shoulder pole (荷擔, [the second character] has the fanqie 荅南 [dān]; the Yunquan says: "Carrying things using wood; derived from 手; the first character is pronounced 賀 [hè]").

93.70

Yingzhou (瀛洲, the first character is pronounced like 盈; [the second character] has the fanqie 以征 [zhōu]).

93.71

Repeated famines (荐餧, the first character has the fanqie 錢廌 [jiàn]; the Kaosheng says: "Consecutive years of poor harvests are called 荐"; the Shuowen says: "Derived from 草 with 存 as its phonetic"; the second character has the fanqie 奴猥 [něi]; Kong's commentary on the Lunyu says: "餧 means starving; an associative transfer character derived from 食 with 委 as its phonetic").

93.72

Perished ones (斃者, [the first character] has the fanqie 毘袂 [bì]; the Yunying says: "斃 means dead; an associative compound").

93.73

Min and Bo Mountains (岷嶓, the first character has the fanqie 密彬 [mín]; 彬 has the fanqie 筆旻 [bīn]; the name of a mountain in the Shu region where the Yangzi River originates; the second character is pronounced like 波; Bo is the name of a mountain range where the Han River has its upper sources, located in Hanzhong).

93.74

Crooked and askew (喎偏, the first character has the fanqie 快垂 [kuāi]; meaning a crooked mouth; the second character is pronounced like 篇; it is a phono-semantic compound).

93.75

Deep inner corner (隩隅, the first character is pronounced like 奧; the second character is pronounced like 愚; both are derived from 阜).

93.76

Hanging oneself (自縊, the second character has the fanqie 伊計 [yì]; Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says: "Dying by hanging oneself"; the Shuowen says: "Derived from 糸 with 益 as its phonetic").

93.77

Commercial monopoly (商搉, the second character is pronounced like 角; the Kaosheng says: "Monopolizing profit; roughly evaluating"; the Shuowen says: "Derived from 手 with 寉 as its phonetic").

93.78

Exclamation of astonishment (歎訝, the second character has the fanqie 牙稼 [yà]; [cited from] Kaosheng).

93.79

Towering loftily (秀峙, the second character has the fanqie 馳里 [zhì]; the Kaosheng says: "A mountain standing solitary; also written as 峙 or 跱, both used identically").

93.80

Solemn and orderly (鏘鏘, [the characters have the fanqie] 鵲陽 [qiāng]; the appearance of solemn orderliness).

93.81

Looking to welcome (迎睇, the second character has the fanqie 啼戾 [dì]; already explained above in Fascicle 4).

93.82

Corridors and verandas (廊廡, the second character is pronounced like 舞; already explained above in Fascicle 1).

93.83

Constructing (締構, the first character is pronounced like 蹄; Wang's commentary on the Chuci says: "締 means to construct; building a hall").

93.84

Vast and expansive (恢恢, [the characters have the fanqie] 苦回 [huī]; meaning vast).

93.85

Chest and bosom (胷襟, the first character is pronounced like 凶; the Shuowen says: "The breast"; also written as 匈, which is interchangeable).

93.86

Zhiju (智琚, [the second character] is pronounced like 居; a monk's name).

93.87

Father Hui (父褘, [the second character] has the fanqie 偣希 [yī]; the name of Master Ju's father; derived from 衣).

93.88

Rarely clarifies (罕醍, the first character has the fanqie 老刀 [lǎo]; an orthodox form, derived from an abbreviated 宀 and from 牛, reflecting the original meaning of character creation).

93.89

Pungent roots (葷辛, the first character has the fanqie 暉雲 [hūn]; already fully explained above in Fascicle 12 of the Gaoseng zhuan).

93.90

Old tomb-site (舊垗, the second character is pronounced like 奧; the Shuowen says: "Ancient character for 奧"; the Wenzidian shuo says: "A subterranean tomb"; also read with two pronunciations, 趙 and 姚; the Shuowen says: "A kiln, a stove for firing tiles; written as 烑 in the transmission is erroneous").

93.91

Shovels and spades (鍬鍤, the first character has the fanqie 峭霄 [qiāo]; the Yupian writes it with 喿 as 鐰; the Fangyan says: "Between Zhao and Wei, a spade is called [a shovel]"; Guo's commentary on the Erya and Yan writes it as 鍫, with the gloss also being 'spade'; the Erya also writes it as 庣, with the same pronunciation; the second character has the fanqie 楚甲 [chā]; 鍤 is also a shovel; also written as [疀-田+缶], which is an ancient form; 臿 has the same pronunciation as above).

93.92

Anrui (安叡, [the second character] has the fanqie 悅慧 [ruì]; the Shuowen says: "叡 means wisdom; derived from 目 and from [(├/(同-(一/口)+、))*又], which is pronounced 残 [cán], with an abbreviated 谷").

93.93

Exterminate (殲, [the character] has the fanqie 接鹽 [jiān]; the commentary on the Mao Classic of Poetry says: "殲 means completely"; He's commentary on the Gongyang says: "殲 means dead; annihilated and cut off; derived from 歺; 歺 is pronounced 矜 [jīn]").

93.94

Deeply cold and clear (幽洌, the second character has the fanqie 連哲 [liè]; the Zhouyi says: "A well cold and clear (洌), cold spring water to drink"; Wang's commentary says: "洌 means pure; cold; clear; a phono-semantic compound").

93.95

Xu gaoseng zhuan (Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks), Fascicle 13

93.96

Zhi Cui (智璀, [the second character] has the fanqie 崔磊 [cuǐ]; a personal name).

93.97

Donations bestowed (䞋遺, the first character has the fanqie 測近 [chèn]; bestowal of goods; the second character has the fanqie 惟恚 [wèi]; the Kaosheng says: "To confer upon; to give; to bestow mutual favor").

93.98

Xiao Yu (蕭瑀, [the second character] has the fanqie 于迂 [yǔ]; pronounced the same as 禹; an official of the Southern Secretariat during the Tang dynasty).

93.99

Wen Yi (溫彞, [the second character] has the fanqie 以脂 [yí]; the [Kaosheng] says: "Constant; a personal name").

93.100

Clamorous noise (諠譁, the first character is pronounced like 喧; the second character is pronounced like 花; a multitude of people).

93.101

Going upstream (㴑流, the first character is pronounced like 索; sailing upstream against the current; found in the Yunquan; the Shuowen says: "Derived from 水 with 㡿 as its phonetic").

93.102

Suspicious and harboring thoughts (猜隱, [the first character] has the fanqie 釆哉 [cāi]; the mind cannot be clear; resembling a dog's frequent suspicion, hence derived from 犬 with 青 as its phonetic).

93.103

Holding both and aligned (兼迾, the first character has the fanqie 頗鹽 [jiān]; the orthodox character for 兼 is an associative compound: holding two stalks of grain in hand is called 兼; the second character is pronounced like 列; the Kaosheng says: "Clear; pure; chilling").

93.104

Catching a glimpse (瞥見, [the first character] has the fanqie 片滅 [piē]; the Ziji lüe says: "To see momentarily; to see only briefly; the Shuowen says: 'Derived from 目 with 敝 as its phonetic'").

93.105

Tranquil and dense (愔鬱, the first character has the fanqie 壹淫 [yīn]; harmonious and joyful; tranquil; the second character was already explained in the earlier text on sūtras and vinayas).

93.106

Ming and Bo Seas (溟渤, the first character is pronounced like 冥; the second character is pronounced like 勃; another name for the Eastern Sea).

93.107

Boarding an ocean vessel (乘舶, the second character is pronounced like 白; a large ship on the ocean, constructed by joining squared timber; because thin planks cannot endure huge waves, they are lashed together with ropes made of coconut husk without using iron nails, fearing friction would produce fire; crewed by a thousand people, a massive ship a hundred fathoms long).

93.108

Distant reflection (緬謝, the first character has the fanqie 綿遍 [miǎn]; meaning distant contemplation).

93.109

Mixed with (糅以, the first character has the fanqie 尼救 [nòu]; Zheng's commentary on the Yili says: "To mix"; the Gujin zhengzi says: "Derived from 米 with 柔 as its phonetic"; also written as [米*(刃/一)] with the same pronunciation as above, or with the fanqie 而救 [ròu]).

93.110

Brilliant colors ([絢-日+目]彩, the first character has the fanqie 血絹 [xuàn]; Zheng's commentary on the Yili says: "Flourishing of patterns and colors is called 絢"; Ma's commentary on the Lunyu says: "絢 describes patterned elegance"; the Shuowen says: "Derived from 糸 with 䀏 as its phonetic; 䀏 is pronounced 縣 [xiàn], and 糸 is pronounced 覓 [mì]").

93.111

Weaving heddles (織綜, the second character has the fanqie 宗送 [zòng]; the Lienü zhuan says: "Weaving can serve as an analogy for governance: pushing away and pulling back is called 綜"; the Shuowen says: "Derived from 糸 with 宗 as its phonetic").

93.112

Bearing a sack (負囊, the second character has the fanqie 諾郎 [náng]; the commentary on the Mao Classic of Poetry says: "Having a bottom is called 囊; bottomless is called 橐; 橐 is pronounced 託 [tuō]").

93.113

Trampled and rolled over (𨀗轢, the first character has the fanqie 誇寡 [kè], already explained above in Fascicle 4; the second character has the fanqie 零的 [lì]; the Cangjie pian says: "轢 means to roll over"; the Lüshi chunqiu says: "Overriding and intimidating the feudal lords" as an example; the Shuowen says: "轢 means the rut made by a wheel; derived from 車 with 樂 as its phonetic"; [𨋃] has the fanqie 尼展 [niǎn]).

93.114

Moustache and beard (頿髯: the upper character has the fanqie zi-si [zi]. The Zuo zhuan says: 'King Ling was born with a moustache.' The Shuowen says: 'Hair above the mouth; it is derived from "hair" [須] and phonetic ci [此].' The text of the commentary writes it with the "long hair" radical [髟] as 髭, which is also the same. The lower character has the fanqie ran-zhan [ran]. A beard [髯] is hair on the cheeks; it is derived from "hair" [須] and phonetic ran [冉]. Master Zhuang says: 'Fine whiskers and beard [𩓿𩓿].' 𩓿𩓿 means hair on the cheeks. In commentary texts it is written as 髯, which is also acceptable and is the character used nowadays. The pronunciation of 冉 is the same as the above fanqie).

93.115

Pits and hollows (坑坎: the upper character has the fanqie ke-geng [keng]; it is also written with the "mound" radical [阜] as 阬. Gu Yewang says: 'A 坑 is a ravine; it also means a gradual pool.' The Shuowen says: 'A 坑 is an earthen pit; it is derived from "earth" [土] and phonetic kang [亢].' The lower character has the fanqie kan-gan [kan]. The Kaosheng says: 'A small pit.').

93.116

Ancestors and father's shrine (祖禰: the upper character has the fanqie zu-gu [zu]. The Erya says: 'Zu means beginning.' Gu Yewang says: 'Zu means ancestor; above.' The Guangya says: 'Root; distant.' The Shuowen says: 'A zu is an ancestral founder's shrine; it is derived from "altar" [示] and phonetic qie [且].' The lower character has the fanqie ni-di [ni]. In ancient script it was written as 禰; nowadays the vulgar form writes it under the "grass" radical [艸] in clerical script as 檷. The Zhouli says: 'The shrine for one's father.' The Wenzidian shuo says: 'It is derived from "altar" [示] and phonetic er [爾]; a mutually defining character [zhuānzhù].').

93.117

Smilingly (睆爾: the upper character has the fanqie huan-wan [huan]. The Lunyu says: '睆爾 is the appearance of a slight smile.' The Mao commentary to the Shijing says: 'A beautiful appearance.' The Shuowen says: 'It is derived from "eye" [目] and phonetic huan [皃].' The pronunciation of 皃 is zhi-guan [guan]).

93.118

Sprinkling dust (灑塵: the upper character has the fanqie sha-ya [sa]; it means sprinkling water on the ground).

93.119

Stabbed the robe (刺服: the upper character has the fanqie ci-si [ci]; the correct standard form is the character 㓨).

93.120

Tempering the blade (鉎刃: the upper character is pronounced sheng [shēng]; it means bringing raw molten iron over soft iron in the fire to make it hard and sharp).

93.121

The roc soaring (鵬舉: the upper character is pronounced peng [péng]; it is the name of a great bird, a phono-semantic character. The lower character, 舉, has "hand" [手] at the bottom).

93.122

Forests and marshes (林藪: the lower character has the fanqie sang-zou [sou]. Zheng's commentary to the Zhouli says: 'A marsh without water is called a 藪.' The Shuowen says: 'A vast marsh; it is derived from "grass" [艸] and phonetic sou [數/藪].').

93.123

Flaunting talent (衒才: the upper character has the fanqie xuan-juan [xuan]. The Shuowen says: 'Hawking goods on foot; it is derived from "walk" [行] and phonetic xuan [玄].' It is also written as 𧗳).

93.124

Fetters and manacles (桎梏: the upper character is pronounced zhi [zhì]; the lower character is pronounced gu [gù]. They are also called manacles and fetters [杻械]. Those on the hands are called gu [梏]; those on the feet are called zhi [桎]. The Shuowen states that both characters are phono-semantic characters derived from "wood" [木]).

93.125

Selling virtue (鬻德: the upper character has the fanqie rong-zhu [yu]. The Zhouli says: '鬻 means to sell.' The Shuowen says: 'It is derived from "cauldron" [鬲] and phonetic zhou [粥].' The character 鬲 is pronounced li [lì]).

93.126

Mockery and jesting (嘲謔: the upper character has the fanqie zhang-jiao [chao]; it is also written with the "mouth" radical [口] as 啁. The Cang Jie pian says: '嘲 means to tease; to banter.' The lower character has the fanqie xiang-yue [xue]. Guo's commentary to the Erya says: 'To tease and banter with words; a phono-semantic character.').

93.127

Tireless (亹斖: fanqie wei-fei [wěi]; the upper is the correct form, and the lower is the vulgar form; its explanation and definition were fully given earlier in the text).

93.128

Vast and deep (汪濊: the upper character has the fanqie huo-huang [wang]; the character 艧 has the fanqie wang-guo [huò]. Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: '汪 is a stagnant pool.' The commentary to the Chuci says: 'Vast waters, deep and wide.' The lower character has the fanqie wei-wai [hui]. The Han commentary to the Shijing says: 'Water flowing copiously.' The Shuowen says: '濊 is water flowing profusely; it is derived from "water" [水] and phonetic sui [歲], which is the standard form of the character sui [歲].').

93.129

Xuancha (玄詧: pronounced cha [chá]; a person's name).

93.130

Halt the imperial cortege (駐蹕: the upper character has the fanqie zhu-lü [zhu]. The Cang Jie pian says: '駐 means to stop; to stay.' The lower character is pronounced bi [bì]. Zheng's commentary to the Zhouli says: 'When the ruler's carriage travels, the roads are cleared; this is what is now called "clearing the way for the imperial cortege" [警蹕].' It is also written with the "run" radical [走] as 䟆, or with the "speech" radical [言] as 𧫤; the meanings and definitions are entirely identical. The Shuowen states that it is derived from "foot" [足]).

93.131

Long promulgated (久頒: fanqie ru-man [ban]; it is also written as 班. The Zuo zhuan says: '頒 means to distribute; to array.' The Shuowen says: 'It is derived from fen [分]. The character fen is composed of "eight" [八] and "knife" [刀].').

93.132

Cast off and eliminate (擺撥: the upper character has the fanqie bai-mai [bai]. The Shuowen says: 'To wave the hand.' It is also written with bi [畢] as 𢳂; both are derived from "hand" [手]. The lower character has the fanqie ban-mo [bo]. The Shuowen says: 'To push aside objects with the hand; it is derived from "hand" [手] and phonetic fa [發].').

93.133

Linspin (管轄: fanqie xian-jia [xia]; the character 戞 has the fanqie jian-ba [jiá]; it is the strong iron pin at the head of a wheel-axle).

93.134

Tether and bind (縶維: the upper character has the fanqie zhi-li [zhi]; it means to tie up; to restrain. The lower character is pronounced wei [wéi]; it means a corner cord; to tie).

93.135

Unconventional and bold (倜儻: the upper character has the fanqie tian-de [ti]; the lower character has the fanqie tang-lang [tang]. Sima Xiangru's Fengshan wen says: '倜儻 means exhausting transformation, valiant and vigorous.' The Guangya says: 'Eminent and extraordinary.' Both characters are derived from "person" [人] and are phono-semantic characters).

93.136

Kuafu (𡗢父: fanqie kua-gua [kuà]. Zhuangzi says: 'He raced against the sun, grew thirsty, and died in the northern region.' The Shuowen says: 'It is derived from "big" [大] and phonetic kua [㐄].' The character 㐄 has the fanqie ku-feng [kuà]. In texts it is written as 夸, which is a vulgar character).

93.137

Desired to gaze upon (欲𦖁: the lower character is pronounced xi [xī]. The Shuowen says: '𦖁 means to look toward with longing.' It is also written as 希).

93.138

Inside the limpid pool (瀅中: the upper character has the fanqie ying-ding [yìng]; it was already explained earlier in Fascicle 10).

93.139

Wiping tears (捫淚: the upper character is pronounced men [mén]. The Shenglei says: '捫 is like wiping; touching; it is derived from "hand" [手] and phonetic men [門].').

93.140

Stalwart and grand (傀偉: the upper character has the fanqie gong-hui [kui]. The Fangyan says: '傀 means abundant; grand.' Sima's commentary to the Zhuangzi says: 'Fine; magnificent.' The lower character has the fanqie wei-gui [wei]. The Guangya says: 'Extraordinary.' Both characters are derived from "person" [人]).

93.141

Fan Chuo (樊綽: the lower character has the fanqie chang-ruo [chao]; a person's name).

93.142

Seated encoffined (坐殯: the lower character has the fanqie bin-ren [bìn]. Zheng's commentary to the Liji says: 'When the deceased is in the coffin and not yet buried, and placed upon the western steps, it is called bin [殯].' The Shuowen says: 'It is derived from "remains" [歺] and phonetic bin [賓].' In commentary texts it is written with the "earth" radical [土] as 𡒨, which is incorrect. The standard form is derived from gai [丐]).

93.143

Dripping down (淋落: the upper character is pronounced lin [lín]; the lower character is pronounced luo [luò]. The Shuowen says: 'The sound of pouring with water.').

93.144

Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks, Fascicle 14

93.145

Huiyun (慧頵: the lower character has the fanqie yu-lun [yūn]; a monk's name).

93.146

Huiyu (慧瑜: the lower character has the fanqie sou-zhu [yú]; also a monk's name).

93.147

Father Min (父珉: the lower character has the fanqie mi-bin [mín]; the name of Zhilin's father).

93.148

Lofty stature (昂形: the upper character has the fanqie wo-gang [áng]. In our view, "lofty stature" [昂形] refers to the imposing and grand presence of a stalwart man [昂藏]. The Shuowen says: 'It is derived from "sun" [日] and phonetic ang [卭].' Dictionaries write it under the "seal" radical [卩] as 昂; the pronunciation of 卭 is the same as the above fanqie).

93.149

Dharma Master Jue (皭法師: the upper character is pronounced jue [jiào]. Xu Guang's commentary to the Shiji says: 'The appearance of gleaming white.' The Shuowen says: 'Bluish-white; derived from jue [爵] and bai [白].' In commentary texts it is written with the "flesh" radical [肉] as 𦣅, which is incorrect. 爵 is the standard form of the character).

93.150

State of Pi (邳國: the upper character has the fanqie bei-bei [pī]. The Zuo zhuan says: 'Xizhong moved to Pi'; this is the Xiapi of today. The Shuowen says: 'It is derived from "city" [邑] and phonetic pi [丕].' The character 丕 is pronounced pi [pī]).

93.151

Blade and arrowheads (鋒鏑: the upper character is pronounced feng [fēng]; the lower character has the fanqie ding-li [dī]; it was already fully explained earlier in Fascicle 1 of the Biographies of Eminent Monks).

93.152

Not yet burned (未爇: the lower character has the fanqie ru-zhuo [ruò]; the fanqie ruan is ruan-zhuan [ruǎn]. Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: '爇 means to burn; to set ablaze.' The Shuowen says: 'It is derived from "fire" [火] and phonetic yi [蓺].' It is also written with "fire" [火] as 𤋲; the pronunciation and meaning are entirely identical).

93.153

A full ten-day period (浹旬: fanqie xian-jia [jiá]. The Yunquan says: '浹 means soaking; permeating. A period of ten days is called a xun [旬], from the cyclical day jia to gui.').

93.154

Awe-filled bosom (凜懷: the upper character has the fanqie lin-jin [lǐn]. The Kaosheng says: '凜 means reverence and fear; an awakening of mind.' The Picang says: '懍 means trembling with cold and fear.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'It is derived from "ice" [仌/冫] and phonetic bing [稟].' The lower character has the fanqie huai-guai [huái]. The Lunyu says: '懷 means tranquility.' The Yunying says: 'To long for; to think of.' The Shuowen says: 'It is derived from "heart" [心] and phonetic huai [褱].' The pronunciation is the same as the above fanqie).

93.155

Narrow footpath (蹊逕: the upper character has the fanqie xi-ji [qī]; the fanqie xi is xi-ji [xì]. Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: 'A 蹊 is a path [逕].' Zheng's commentary to the Liji says: 'A 蹊 is a path trodden by birds and beasts.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'It is derived from "foot" [足] and phonetic xi [奚].' The lower character has the fanqie jing-jing [jìng]. Zheng's commentary to the Zhouli says: 'A 逕 is a road; that through which carriages and pedestrians connect to the state capital.' Zheng's commentary to the Liji says: '逕 means to cross directly.' The Shuowen writes it as 徑, which is the correct form).

93.156

Turning the falcon banner (迴旟: the lower character has the fanqie yu-xu [yú]. The Yunying says: 'A falcon banner; a falcon or hawk is painted upon it to represent swiftness.' Guo's commentary to the Erya says: 'Skinning a bird and placing it atop a pole, signifying its courage.' The Yunquan says: '旟 means traveling swiftly like a hawk or falcon.' The Shuowen says: 'It is derived from the banner radical [𭤨] and phonetic yu [與].').

93.157

Precociously intelligent (歧嶷: the upper character has the fanqie ju-yi [qí]; the Yunying says: '歧 means a fork in the road.' The lower character has the fanqie ning-ji [yí]; it is also written with the "mouth" radical [口] as 㘈, indicating that his demeanor of speech was towering and grand, like Mount Qi).

93.158

Gentry officials (縉紳: the upper character is pronounced jin [jìn]; the lower character is pronounced shen [shēn]. In our view, the jinshen refers to the broad sash [大帶], made of reddish-white color; in ancient times it was an honorable ornament of robes and caps, used to tuck tablets into for recording affairs).

93.159

Treading on the carriage rail (履軾: for the upper character, 履, the Shuowen says: 'It is derived from "body" [尸], "step" [彳], and "long time" [久]; shoes made of hemp.' The lower character is pronounced shi [shì]. The Yunying says: 'The crossbar at the front of a carriage; leaning upon it indicates respect.' The Guangya says: 'The carriage's front railing is called a shi; tying horsehair dyed with colors to it constitutes the shi.').

93.160

Within the realm (㝢內: the upper character is pronounced yu [yǔ]; it means within the universe).

93.161

Suddenly (𣹆爾: fanqie kan-ge [kè]. The Chuci says: 'I would rather suddenly die and drift away into destruction.' The Kaosheng says: 'Vast waters arriving abruptly.' It is also written as 溘, which is also acceptable).

93.162

Lofty and distant (高邈: the lower character has the fanqie mang-bo [miǎo]. The Mao commentary to the Shijing says: '邈 is an appearance of greatness.' Wang's commentary to the Chuci says: 'Distant.' The Fangyan says: 'Vast; the appearance of being expansive and far-reaching.').

93.163

City walls and moats (城塹: the correct form of the upper character, 城, has ding [丁] in the middle. The Shiben says: 'Gun constructed the city walls.' The Huainanzi says: 'Xuangun constructed city walls of nine ren.' Seven feet [chi] is called a ren. The Shuowen says: 'It is derived from "earth" [土] and phonetic cheng [成].' The lower character has the fanqie qie-yan [qiàn]. Dictionaries say: 'A 塹 is a city moat.' The Shuowen says: 'It is derived from "earth" [土] and phonetic zhan [斬].').

93.164

All piled up (皆䔏: the lower character has the fanqie chu-shou [chù]. Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: '䔏 means to assist; to accumulate.' The Yunquan says: 'Roots of grass.' The Shuowen says: 'It is derived from "grass" [艸] and phonetic zao [造].').

93.165

Common populace (氓庶: the upper character is pronounced mang [máng]. The Mao commentary to the Shijing says: '氓 means the common people.' Zheng's commentary to the Zhouli says: 'Blind and wandering people [𭞾]; the appearance of being ignorant.').

93.166

Donning armor (擐甲: fanqie huan-guan [huàn]. Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: '擐 means to put on; to slip through.' The Shuowen says: 'It is derived from "hand" [手] and phonetic huan [睘].' The character 貫 is pronounced guan [guàn]).

93.167

The whole border (闔境: fanqie han-ge [hé]. The Erya says: '[Door with bar] is called 雇; it means to close.' The character 蛤 has the fanqie gan-da [gé]).

93.168

Withered and emaciated (萎悴: the upper character has the fanqie wei-wei [wěi]; the Mao commentary to the Shijing says: 'Plants dying and decaying.' The lower character has the fanqie qing-sui [cuì]. Guo's commentary to the Fangyan says: '悴 means afflicted; distressed.' The Shuowen says: 'Sorrow; it is derived from "heart" [心].').

93.169

Banter and jest (談謔: the lower character has the fanqie xiang-yue [xue]. In commentary texts it is written with the "tiger" radical [虍] as 諕, which is a scribal error; it was already explained earlier in Fascicle 5).

93.170

Whetstones (砥礪: the upper character has the fanqie zhi-er [dǐ]; the lower character has the fanqie li-zhi [lì]; both characters mean whetstones).

93.171

Branches and tributaries (支派: the lower character has the fanqie pai-mai [pài]. The Yupian says: 'Water flowing into separate streams.' The Shuowen says: 'Derived from the reversed form of the character yong [永].').

93.172

Hewing stone (斲石: the upper character is pronounced zhuo [zhuó]. Kong's commentary to the Shangshu says: '斲 means to chop.' It is also written as [石*豕]. The Erya says: 'To pare; shave.' The Shuowen also says: 'To chop; it is derived from "axe" [斤] and phonetic dou [𠁁].' The character 𠁁 is pronounced dou [dòu]).

93.173

Making a niche (為龕: the lower character has the fanqie kan-gan [kān]. The Yunquan says: 'A dragon's cave; an earthen chamber.' The Yunying says: 'Appearance of a dragon.' The Shuowen says: 'The place where a Buddha image is housed; it is derived from "dragon" [龍] and abbreviated phonetic han [含].').

93.174

邛僰 [Qióng-Bó]: The first character is read with the fanqie gong + gong (qióng). The Hanshu says that there was a Qiong County in Shu Commandery. The Shuowen jiezi says it is composed of the [semantic] radical 'district' (邑) and the sound gong (工). The second character is read with the fanqie peng + bei (bó). The Shenglei says: 'The Bo were a distinct branch of the Qiang.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Sharp and quick; they were southern and western non-Chinese peoples. It is composed of the [semantic] radical 'person' (人) and the sound ji (棘).' Ji is pronounced jin + li; it is composed of two cì (朿) side by side, not shù (束).

93.175

酇國 [Zàn state]: The first character is read with the fanqie zang + he (cán / zàn). The Shuowen jiezi says there was a Zan County in Nanyang, and there was also a Zan County in Pei Commandery. Zan (酇) is the standard form of the character zan (贊).

93.176

天潢 [Tianhuang]: Read with the fanqie huang + guang (huáng). Du [Yu]'s commentary on the Zuozhuan says: 'Huang (潢) means a ditch or a pond, a place where water stands, or accumulated water.' Another [commentary] says: 'Huang means a puddle.'

93.177

帝系 [Genealogy of the Thearchs]: The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A Thearch (dì) is the title of one who rules the world as king. It is composed of the ancient form of the character shàng (上) and the sound cì (朿).' The ancient form was written as 帝. The second character is read with the fanqie xi + ji (xì). The Shiben contains a chapter 'Genealogies of the Thearchs' (Dixì pian); it means that sons and grandsons succeed one another, continuously without break. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Xì (系) means to tie (繫). It is composed of the [semantic] radical 'silk thread' (糸) and the sound [必-心]; [必-心] is pronounced yè.'

93.178

八埏 [the eight extremities]: The second character is read with the fanqie yan + zhan (yán). The commentary on the Hanshu says: 'Yan (埏) means the extreme borders of the earth.' The Gujin zhengzi says it is composed of the [semantic] radical 'earth' (土) and the sound yan (延). In the transmitted text it is written with the [radical] 'hand' (手), which is incorrect.

93.179

智䂮 [Zhikuò]: Read with the fanqie liang + zhuo (luò/liè). A monk's name. The Yunying says it means 'sharp'.

93.180

吳濞 [Wu Pi]: The second character is read with the fanqie pi + yu (bì). It is the personal name of Liu Pi, Prince of Wu.

93.181

滬瀆 [Hudu]: The first character is read with the fanqie hu + gu (hù). The Shanhaijing says: 'The Yellow Emperor came to the waters of Xuanhu, and a divine turtle emerged bearing a chart.' It refers to this water. The Wenzidian shuo says it is composed of the [semantic] radical 'water' (水) and the sound hu (扈); the sound of hu is the same as the above. The second character is pronounced dú.

93.182

揮飊 [whirling whirlwind]: The first character is pronounced huī. The second character is read with the fanqie bi + xiao (biāo). The Yunying says it is the name of a wind. Guo [Pu]'s commentary on the Erya says: 'A tempestuous wind coming from above and descending downward is called biāo.' The pronunciation of biāo (猋) is the same as the above; it is composed of three 'dogs' (犬), not from 'fire' (火).

93.183

闞迥 [overlooking the distance]: The first character is read with the fanqie kan + lan (kàn). The Cangjiepian says: 'Kàn means to look.' It is also erroneously written with the [semantic] radical 'eye' (目) as 瞰, with the same meaning. The Shuowen jiezi says it is composed of the [semantic] radical 'gate' (門) and the sound gǎn (敢). The second character is read with the fanqie ying + jiong (jiǒng). The Erya says: 'Jiǒng means distant.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is composed of the [semantic] radical 'movement' (辵) and the sound jiǒng (冋).

93.184

道𢣢 [Dao...]: The second character is read with the fanqie xian + jia (xié). The Erya says: '[思*(刀/(刀*刀))] means harmonious.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It means to think.' A phono-semantic character.

93.185

哮吼 [roaring and bellowing]: The first character is read with the fanqie xiao + jiao (xiào). The Picang says: 'Xiào means raging anger.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is composed of the [semantic] radical 'mouth' (口) and the sound xiào (孝). The second character is read with the fanqie he + gou (hǒu). The Chuci has: 'Bears and brown bears howl and roar.' The Kaosheng says it is the sound of oxen and tigers roaring.

93.186

遷[(夕*(ㄗ@、))/貝] [relocating and trading]: The first character is pronounced qiān. Jia [Kui]'s commentary on the Guoyu says: 'It means to change, to follow.' Du [Yu]'s commentary on the Zuozhuan says: 'It means to move.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It means to ascend. It is composed of the [semantic] radical 'movement' (辵) and the sound qiān (䙴); 䙴 is pronounced qiān.' The second character is read with the fanqie mao + hou (mào). The Yupian says: '𧵍 means to exchange in trade.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To exchange wealth. It is composed of the [semantic] radical 'cowrie/wealth' (貝) and the sound mǎo (夘).'

93.187

汲冢 [Jizhong]: The first character is pronounced jí; it is a place name. In Ji Commandery was the ancient tomb of King Anxi [of Wei]. During the Jin period someone grave-robbed this tomb and obtained several bundles of bamboo slips, all of which were ancient classical works; the contemporaries referred to them as the Jizhong records. The Shuowen jiezi says that the character zhǒng (冢) is composed of bāo (包) and chù (豖); chù is read with the fanqie chou + lu (chù), and chù is also the phonetic element.

93.188

而陿 [and narrow]: The second character is read with the fanqie xian + jia (xiá). Gu Yewang says: 'Xiá means not wide and large.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is composed of the [semantic] radical 'mound' (阜) and the sound qiè (匧); qiè is read with the fanqie qian + ye. In the transmitted text it is written with the [radical] 'hand' as [打-丁+(匚@夾)], which is incorrect.

93.189

帷扆 [curtains and screens]: The first character is read with the fanqie wei + bei (wéi). Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the Zhouli says: 'What is hung at the sides is called a wéi.' The Guangya says: 'Wéi means curtains.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is composed of the [semantic] radical 'cloth' (巾) and the sound zhuī (隹). The second character is read with the fanqie yi + qi (yǐ). Guo [Pu]'s commentary on the Erya says: 'The space between the window and the door is called an yǐ.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is composed of the [semantic] radical 'door' (戶) and the sound yī (衣).

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賜縑 [bestowing plain silk]: The second character is read with the fanqie jia + xian (jiān). The Guangya says: 'To spin together is called jiān.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Jiān is variegated silk fabric. It is composed of the [semantic] radical 'silk' (糸) and the sound jiān (兼).'

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笠澤 [Lize]: The first character is pronounced lì; the second character is pronounced zhái. A character dictionary says: 'Lize is the name of a marsh in the Wu region. In this marsh there are no trees, and travellers always unfurl bamboo hats and walk; hence it was named from that.' It is composed of the [semantic] radical 'bamboo' (竹) and lì (立).

93.192

冕瑬 [crown tassels]: The first character is pronounced miǎn. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the Zhouli says: 'The six types of ceremonial vestments all share the name miǎn; this is a head ornament, an honorable one.' He also says: 'Miǎn is the covering over the extended top.' The Shiben says: 'The Yellow Emperor created the ceremonial crown.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It is composed of yuè (曰, read with the sound mào, cap) and the sound miǎn (免).' The second character is pronounced liú. Mao's commentary on the Shijing says: '[Hang...] is a head ornament of the honorable, hanging pearls down to obscure the eyes.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is composed of the [semantic] radical 'jade' (玉) and the sound liú (流); it is a phono-semantic character.

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賻贈 [funeral gifts]: The first character is pronounced fù. The Yunquan says: 'Giving wealth and silks to help a mourning family in deficiency is called fù.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is composed of the [semantic] radical 'cowrie/wealth' (貝) and the sound fù (尃); fù is pronounced fù. It is also written as 𮚐, read with the fanqie feng + meng. The Yunying says: 'To send off the deceased with carriages and horses is called 𮚐.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is composed of the [semantic] radical 'cowrie/wealth' (貝) and the sound [曰/月]; [曰/月] is pronounced [wéi]. The second character is read with the fanqie zei + deng (zèng): presenting someone with property. The Yupian says: 'Zèng means to present a gift.' The Yunying says: 'To present articles to someone.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is composed of the [semantic] radical 'cowrie/wealth' (貝) and the sound zēng (曾).

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遞給 [successively provided]: Read with the fanqie ti + li (dì), in the rising tone. It has already been explained above in fascicle 1.

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慧驡 [Huilang]: Read with the fanqie zang + lang (lǎng); also written as 駔. A monk's name. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: 'A fine steed.' The Xunshe ziyi says: '駔 has the same meaning.' Another [source] says: 'A horse of a thousand li.' An associative compound character. Jun is pronounced jùn.

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琬琰 [Wan and Yan]: The first character is read with the fanqie yu + yuan (wǎn). The Yupian says: 'Wǎn is a jade scepter.' The second character is read with the fanqie yan + ran (yǎn). The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A jade scepter nine inches long, held as a pledge of trust when chastising the unrighteous.'

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese