翻譯名義集 2.208

2.208

【悉伽羅】此云野（音夜）干。似狐而小，形色青黃，如狗群行，夜鳴如狼。郭璞云：「射（音夜）干能緣木。」《廣志》云：「巢於絕巖高木也。」《大論》云：「譬如野干，夜半逾城，深入人舍。求肉不得，僻處睡息，不覺夜竟。惶怖無計，慮不自免，住則畏死，便自定心，詐死在地。眾人來見，有一人云：『我須其耳。』言已截去。野干自念：『截耳雖痛，但令身在。』次有人言：『我須其尾。』便復截去。復有人云：『須野干牙。』野干自念：『取者轉多，或取我頭，則無活路。』即從地起，奮其智力，絕踊間關，遂得自濟。行者之心，求脫苦難，亦復如是。生不修行，如失其耳；老不修行，如失其尾；病不修行，如失其牙；至死不修，如失其頭。」《輔行記》云：「狐是獸，一名野干，多疑善聽。」顏師古注《漢書》曰：「狐之為獸，其性多疑。每渡河氷，且聽且渡，故言疑者而稱狐疑。」《述征記》云：「北風勁，河氷合，要須狐行。此物善聽，氷下無聲，然後過河。」《說文》云：「狐，妖獸也。鬼所乘，有三德。其色中和，小前大後，死則首丘。」郭氏《玄中記》曰：「千歲之狐為婬婦，百歲之狐為美女。」然《法華》云：「狐、狼、野干」，似如三別。《祖庭事苑》云：「野干形小尾大，狐即形大。」《禪經》云：「見一野狐，又見野干。」故知異也。

[Śṛgāla] (悉伽羅): Here translated as 'jackal' (野干). It resembles a small fox, green-yellow in color, moves in packs like dogs, and howls at night like a wolf. Guo Pu says: 'The *yegan* can climb trees.' The *Guangzhi* says: 'It nests on precipitous crags and tall trees.' The *Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra* says: 'For example, at midnight a jackal scaled a city wall and went deep into a person's house. Failing to find meat, it slept in a secluded place, unaware that the night had ended. Terrified and at a loss, worried that it could not escape, fearing death if it stayed, it then stilled its mind and played dead on the ground. When people came and saw it, one person said: "I need its ears." Having spoken, he cut them off. The jackal thought to itself: "Although cutting off my ears hurts, as long as my body remains, it is fine." Next, a person said: "I need its tail," and then cut it off. Another person said: "I need the jackal's teeth." The jackal thought to itself: "Those taking parts are increasing; if someone takes my head, there will be no way to live." It immediately sprang from the ground, roused its wit and strength, leaped past obstacles, and managed to save itself. The mind of a practitioner seeking liberation from suffering is also like this: not practicing in youth is like losing one's ears; not practicing in old age is like losing one's tail; not practicing when sick is like losing one's teeth; and not practicing up to death is like losing one's head.' The *Fuxing ji* says: 'The fox is a beast, also called a jackal; it is suspicious by nature and keen of hearing.' Yan Shigu's commentary to the *Book of Han* says: 'As a beast, the fox is suspicious by nature. Whenever crossing river ice, it listens while crossing; therefore, when someone is suspicious, it is called "fox-like suspicion".' The *Shuzheng ji* says: 'When the north wind is fierce and the river ice freezes over, foxes must walk across first. This creature is keen of hearing; only when there is no sound beneath the ice will it cross the river.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'The fox is a supernatural beast, ridden by ghosts. It has three virtues: its color is balanced, small in front and large behind, and when dying it turns its head toward its mound.' Guo's *Xuanzhong ji* says: 'A thousand-year-old fox becomes a wanton woman; a hundred-year-old fox becomes a beautiful woman.' However, the *Lotus Sūtra* speaks of "foxes, wolves, and jackals", appearing to treat them as three distinct kinds. The *Zuting shiyuan* says: 'The jackal is small in body and large in tail, whereas the fox is large in body.' The *Dhyāna Sūtra* says: 'Seeing a wild fox, and also seeing a jackal.' Therefore, we know they are different.