翻譯名義集 2.76

2.76

【補特伽羅】或福伽羅，或富特伽羅。此云數取趣。謂諸有情，起惑造業，即為能取，當來五趣，名之為趣。古譯為趣向，中陰有情，趣往前生。故《俱舍》云：「未至應至處。應至處，即六趣也。」又論云：「死生二有中，五蘊名中有，故謂為趣。」《涅槃》云：「中有五陰，非肉眼見，天眼所見。」《瑜珈論》說八種人執，第六名補特伽羅。謂數數取諸趣故，或死於此，能生於彼。正能生者，即是人執。又翻有情，又翻人。《大毘婆沙論》：「佛言：『有二補特伽羅，能住持正法，謂說者、行者。若持教者相續不滅，能令世俗正法久住；若持證者相續不滅，能令勝義正法久住。』持正法人有二：一持教法者，謂讀誦解說經律論等；二持正法者，謂能修證無漏聖道。」

【Pudgala】 Also written as fugala or futejialuo. Here translated as 'repeatedly taking up destinies.' This means that sentient beings give rise to delusion and create karma, which constitutes the ability to take up, and the future five destinies are called the 'destinies.' In ancient translations it was rendered 'tending toward,' meaning that intermediate-state sentient beings tend toward their future births. Thus the Kośa says: 'They have not yet reached the place they ought to reach; the place they ought to reach refers to the six destinies.' Furthermore, a treatise says: 'Between the two existences of death and birth, the five aggregates are called the intermediate existence; hence they are said to tend toward.' The Nirvāṇa [Sūtra] says: 'The five skandhas of the intermediate existence are not visible to the physical eye, but are seen by the divine eye.' The Yogācārabhūmi speaks of eight kinds of grasping at a self, the sixth of which is called pudgala, meaning that one repeatedly takes up destinies, or dying here, can be born there. That which is precisely capable of being born is grasping at a person. It is also translated as 'sentient being,' and also translated as 'person.' The Mahāvibhāṣā says: 'The Buddha said: "There are two pudgalas who can uphold the True Dharma: those who preach it, and those who practice it. If those who uphold the teaching continue without extinction, they can cause the conventional True Dharma to abide for a long time; if those who uphold realization continue without extinction, they can cause the ultimate True Dharma to abide for a long time." There are two kinds of persons who uphold the True Dharma: first, those who uphold the Dharma of teaching, which refers to reciting and expounding the scriptures, vinaya, and treatises; second, those who uphold the True Dharma [of realization], which refers to being able to cultivate and realize the untainted noble path.'"