翻譯名義集 3.248

3.248

【踰繕那】此云限量，又云合應（計應合爾許度量）。《業疏》云：「此無正翻。乃是輪王巡狩一停之舍，猶如此方館驛。」《西域記》云：「夫數量之稱踰繕那者，舊曰由旬，又曰踰闍那，又曰由延，皆訛略也。踰繕那者，自古聖王一日軍行，舊傳一踰繕那四十里，印度國俗乃三十里，聖教所裁，唯十六里。」《大論》云：「由旬三別，大者八十里，中者六十里，下者四十里。謂中邊山川不同，致行里不等。窮微之數，分一踰繕那為八拘盧舍，分一拘盧舍為五百弓，分一弓為四肘，分一肘為二十四指，分一指節為七宿麥，乃至虱、蟣、隙塵、牛毛、羊毛、兔毫、金水。次第七分以至細塵，細塵七分為極細塵，極細塵者不可復析，析即歸空，故曰極微也。」《俱舍》頌曰：「極微微金水，兔羊毛隙塵，蟣虱麥指節，後後增七倍。二十四指肘，四肘為弓量，五百俱盧舍，此八踰繕那。」

【Yojana】Here translated as limited measure, and also as appropriate accord (calculated to be fitting for such a measure). The Commentary on the Vinaya states: 'This has no standard translation. It is the lodge where a wheel-turning king stops on a royal inspection tour, like the post stations in this land.' The Record of the Western Regions says: 'As for the measurement called yojana, formerly it was called youxun, also called yushena, also called youyan, all of which are errors or abbreviations. A yojana is the march of an army for one day by an ancient sage king. According to old traditions, one yojana is forty li; in Indian custom, it is thirty li; while that determined by the sacred teaching is only sixteen li.' The Da zhidu lun says: 'There are three distinctions of yojana: the large is eighty li, the medium is sixty li, and the small is forty li. This is because mountains and rivers differ between the center and the borders, resulting in differing march lengths. For numbers of ultimate minuteness: dividing one yojana makes eight krośas; dividing one krośa makes five hundred bows; dividing one bow makes four cubits; dividing one cubit makes twenty-four fingers; dividing one finger-joint makes seven barley grains; down to lice, nits, dust in a sunbeam, ox hair, sheep hair, hare hair, gold, and water. Divided by seven successively down to fine dust, dividing fine dust by seven makes extremely fine dust. An extremely fine dust cannot be divided again; if divided, it returns to voidness; hence it is called the paramāṇu.' A verse in the Abhidharmakośa says: 'The paramāṇu, fine [dust], gold, water, / Hare, sheep, ox hair, dust in a sunbeam, / Nit, louse, barley grain, and finger-joint: / Each subsequent increases sevenfold. / Twenty-four fingers make a cubit, / Four cubits make the measure of a bow, / Five hundred [bows] make a krośa, / And eight of these make a yojana.'