翻譯名義集 4.50

4.50

【波羅提木叉】《戒疏》云：「此翻解脫。如論所引，道戒名解脫也，事戒名別脫也。隨分果德，寄以明之。道性虛通，舉法類遣，不隨緣別，但名解脫。事戒不爾，緣別而生，緣通萬境，行亦隨遍，據行凌犯，即名得脫。餘非未行，不名解脫。又律云：『木叉者，戒也。據能克果，用目本因，因實是戒，非木叉也。』故經云：『戒是正順解脫之本，故名波羅提木叉。』明知是果，故《五分》說，分別名句木叉者，舉果目教也。」記云：「道戒名解脫者，即七支無表思也，由斷惑得名故。若戒事名解脫者，則僧尼受戒，隨對殺等事不作，別別無因，別別無果，故名別別解脫。」《摭華》曰：「此云別解脫，謂三業七支，各各防非，別別解脫故。」

[Prātimokṣa] The *Commentary on the Precepts* (*Jieshu*) says: "This is translated as 'liberation.' As quoted in the treatises, the morality of the path is called 'liberation,' and the morality of phenomena is called 'individual liberation.' This is explained provisionally in accordance with the virtues of the partial fruits. The nature of the path is open and all-pervading, dismissing dharmas categorically; it does not vary according to conditions, so it is simply called 'liberation.' The morality of phenomena is not like this: it arises from specific conditions. Conditions pervade myriad objects, and practice likewise pervades them accordingly. When one avoids transgression in practice, one is said to have attained liberation; where other [practices] have not yet been undertaken, it is not called liberation. Furthermore, the Vinaya says: 'Mokṣa means morality. Looking at its ability to achieve the fruit, the original cause is designated by the fruit; in reality the cause is morality, not mokṣa.' Hence the sūtra says: 'Morality is the foundation that directly accords with liberation, hence it is called prātimokṣa.' One clearly knows that it is the fruit; therefore, when the *Five-Part Vinaya* (*Mahīśāsakavinaya*) distinguishes the terms and phrases of mokṣa, it designates the teaching by referring to the fruit." The *Record* (*Ji*) says: "The morality of the path is called 'liberation,' which refers to the non-informative volition (avijñapti-cetanā) of the seven actions, so named because it cuts off delusion. If the morality of phenomena is called 'liberation,' then when monks and nuns receive precepts, as they refrain from specific acts like killing, each has no cause and each has no fruit, hence it is called 'individual liberation' (prativimokṣa)." The *Zhihua* says: "This is called 'individual liberation,' meaning that the three karmas and seven actions each prevent wrongdoing and are individually liberated."