翻譯名義集 4.7

4.7

【阿毘曇】或云阿毘達磨，此云無比法，謂無漏法慧為最勝故。《四教義》曰：「無比法，聖人智慧，分別法義也。新云阿毘達摩，此云對法。對有二種：一者，對向，謂向涅槃，以乘無漏聖道之因，感趣涅槃圓極之果。二者，對觀，對觀四諦，謂以淨慧之心，觀察四諦之法，故名對也。法有二種：一者，勝義法，謂擇滅涅槃（云云）。二，法相法，即通四聖諦（云云）。問：『若據此義，合云對法藏。今隱對法之名，但云慧論者，如何？』答：『此乃隨方之聲也。梵語奢薩怛羅，此云論。梵語摩怛理迦，此云本母。本母能生妙慧，妙慧因論而生，故展轉翻為論也。』」《瑜伽論》云：「問答決擇諸法性相，故名論。」奘師《傳》云：「舊曰優波提舍，訛也。正云鄔波弟鑠。」後分經云摩達磨。

【Abhidharma】 Also called *āpídámó*. Here it is translated as 'peerless dharma', meaning that the undefiled dharma-wisdom is the most supreme. The *Sijiao yi* states: "Peerless dharma means the wisdom of sages distinguishing the meanings of dharmas. The new translation is *abhidharma* (āpídámó), which is here translated as 'confronting the dharma' (*duìfǎ*). There are two kinds of confronting: first, confronting towards—namely, facing toward nirvāṇa, using the cause of riding the undefiled noble path to evoke and incline toward the completely ultimate fruit of nirvāṇa; second, confronting through contemplation—namely, contemplating face-to-face the four truths, meaning that with a mind of pure wisdom, one contemplates the dharmas of the four truths; hence it is called confronting. There are two kinds of dharmas: first, the dharma of ultimate meaning, namely analytical cessation, nirvāṇa (and so forth); second, the dharma of dharma-characteristics, which applies broadly to the four noble truths (and so forth). Question: 'If based on this meaning, it ought to be called the Treasury of Confronting the Dharma (*duìfǎ zàng*). Now, why is the name 'confronting the dharma' concealed, and it is merely called the Treatise on Wisdom (*huìlùn*)?' Answer: 'This is in accordance with the vernacular usage of the region. In Sanskrit it is *śāstra*, which here means treatise (*lùn*). In Sanskrit it is *mātṛkā*, which here means matrix (*běnmǔ*). The matrix can give birth to exquisite wisdom, and exquisite wisdom is born by means of treatises; hence, by transposition, it was translated as treatise.'" The *Yogācāra-bhūmi-śāstra* states: "Questioning, answering, and decisively resolving the nature and characteristics of all dharmas, hence it is called a treatise." The *Biography of Master Xuanzang* states: "The old form *upadeśa* (yōupótíshè) was erroneous. The correct form is *upadeśa* (wūbōdìshuò)." In the later division of the scriptures it is called *madharma*.