翻譯名義集 5.78

5.78

【便善那】此云文身。《慈恩疏》云：「文身者，為名句依，而顯所表。顯有四義：一扇，二相好，三根形，四鹽。如次能顯風涼大人男女味故，故名為顯。即喻此文身，能顯於理。若依古譯，翻文為味，但是所顯非能顯也。」《大乘入楞伽》云：「文身者，謂由於此，能成名句。」《楞伽》云：「形身者，謂顯示名句，是名形身。又形身者，謂長短高下。」注曰：形身，即字也。《入楞伽》云：「字身者，謂聲長短，音韻高下，名為字身。」今問：「文與於字，為異為同？」答：「若未改轉，斯但名字；若已改轉，文即是字。是則依類像形為字，形聲相稱曰文。」

[Vyañjana]: Translated here as "collection of phonemes" (vyañjana-kāya). The Ci'en commentary states: "The collection of phonemes serves as the support for names and phrases and reveals what is expressed. 'Revealing' has four meanings: first, a fan; second, major and minor marks; third, sense faculties and physical forms; fourth, salt. They respectively reveal cool breeze, great persons, males and females, and flavors; therefore, they are named 'revealers.' This serves as a metaphor for this collection of phonemes, which is capable of revealing principle. If following the old translations, translating vyañjana as 'flavor' means it is only what is revealed, not that which reveals." The Mahāyānāvatāra-laṅkāvatāra states: "The collection of phonemes means that by relying on this, names and phrases can be formed." The Laṅkāvatāra states: "A collection of forms means displaying names and phrases; this is called a collection of forms. Furthermore, a collection of forms refers to long and short, high and low." The note says: A collection of forms is simply syllables. The Mahāyānāvatāra-laṅkāvatāra states: "A collection of syllables means the length of sounds and the pitch of tones; this is called a collection of syllables." Now it is asked: "Are phonemes and syllables different or identical?" The answer: "If not yet modified, they are merely names and characters; if already modified, phonemes are syllables. Thus, conforming to categories and picturing forms constitutes characters; when form and sound match each other, it is called phonemes."