翻譯名義集 7.5

7.5

【剎摩】正音掣多羅，此云土田。《淨名略疏》云：「萬境不同，亦名為剎。」垂裕云：「蓋取莊嚴差別，名之為剎。」此乃通指國土名剎。又復伽藍號梵剎者，如《輔行》云：「西域以柱表剎，示所居處也。梵語剌（力割）瑟胝，此云竿，即幡柱也。《長阿含》云：『若沙門於此法中，勤苦得一法者，便當竪幡，以告四遠：今有少欲人。』又《法華》云：『表剎甚高廣』，此由塔婆高顯，大為金地標表。故以聚相，長表金剎。如《法苑》云：『阿育王取金華金幡，懸諸剎上，塔寺低昂。』」

【Kṣetra】 The correct sound is *kṣetra*, translated here as land or fields. The *Brief Commentary on Vimalakīrti* states: "Myriad realms differ; they are also called *kṣetra*." Chuiyu states: "Taking their differences in adornment, they are named *kṣetra*." This is a general designation referring to a country as a *kṣetra*. Furthermore, saṅghārāmas are called Brahma-*kṣetra* (monastic grounds); as the *Fuxing* says: "In the Western Regions, a pillar was used to signal a *kṣetra*, indicating the place of dwelling. The Sanskrit word *yaṣṭi* is translated here as pole, that is, a banner pole. The *Dīrgha-āgama* states: 'If a śramaṇa in this Dharma diligently strives and attains a single teaching, he should erect a banner to announce to the four directions: "There is now a person of few desires."' Furthermore, the *Lotus Sūtra* states: 'The indicator pole was extremely high and wide.' This was because the stūpa was high and eminent, serving as a prominent sign for the golden ground. Therefore, using the sign of gathering, it permanently marked the golden *kṣetra*. As the *Fayuan* states: 'King Aśoka took golden flowers and golden banners and hung them upon various poles, so that the stūpas and monasteries rose and fell [in visual splendour].'"