翻譯名義集 1.79

1.79

[Ārya] This is translated as "noble one" (shengzhe), and also called "one who has emerged from suffering". Master Kong's Commentary says: "Being unhindered in all matters is called sagely. Confucius replied to Duke Ai of Lu: 'One who is called a sage is one whose wisdom penetrates the Great Way, who responds to changes inexhaustibly, and who fathoms the nature and feelings of things.' The grand宰 of Shang, Pi, asked Confucius: 'Is the Master a sage?' Confucius said: 'Qiu has broad knowledge and a strong memory, but is not a sage.' 'Were the Three Kings sages?' He said: 'The Three Kings made good use of wisdom and courage; whether they were sages is not known to Qiu.' 'Were the Five Thearchs sages?' He said: 'The Five Thearchs made good use of benevolence and trust; whether they were sages is not known to Qiu.' 'Were the Three Sovereigns sages?' He said: 'The Three Sovereigns made good use of timely government; whether they were sages is not known to Qiu.' The grand宰 was greatly astonished and said: 'If so, then who is a sage?' The Master paused, changed his expression, and replied: 'In the West there is a sage! Without governing there is no disorder, without speaking there is natural trust, without transforming things act on their own—so vast that no one can name him!'"