翻譯名義集 4.108

4.108

[Maira] Translated here as "loving-kindness" (maitrī). Jingjue says: "Loving-kindness means affectionate regard." The Guanyin xuanyi says: "By contemplating the goodness of inherent virtue, feeling delight and joy, one gives rise to great loving-kindness, wishing to bestow happiness on them." The Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra explains three kinds of loving-kindness: first, that directed toward sentient beings, regarding all sentient beings with thoughts like those toward parents and relatives; second, that directed toward phenomena, seeing that all phenomena arise from conditions; third, that without conditions, abiding neither in the characteristics of phenomena nor in the characteristics of sentient beings. The Zhilun explains the three kinds of loving-kindness: "First, loving-kindness directed toward beings: among sentient beings of the ten directions and the five destinies, one looks upon them with a single mind of loving-kindness, like father and mother, like brothers, sisters, children, nephews, and good friends, always seeking good things and wishing to grant them benefit and peace. Such a mind pervades sentient beings of the ten directions. Such loving-kindness is called directed toward sentient beings, and mostly belongs to the practice of ordinary people or learners who have not yet exhausted defilements. Second, loving-kindness directed toward phenomena: all arhats and pratyekabuddhas who have exhausted defilements—these noble ones have shattered the marks of self and person, and destroyed the marks of unity and difference. They merely contemplate that all desire-minds arise in succession from causes and conditions. When affectionately regarding sentient beings with loving-kindness, [they see that] they arise in succession from harmonious causes and conditions. It is merely the empty five aggregates that are sentient beings. Mindfulness of these five aggregates is loving-kindness directed toward sentient beings. Not knowing that these phenomena are empty and always one, their minds desire to obtain happiness; noble ones take pity on them and cause them to obtain happiness as they wish. Because this is for conventional phenomena, it is called directed toward phenomena. Third, loving-kindness without conditions: this loving-kindness belongs only to the buddhas. Why? The minds of the buddhas do not abide in the conditioned or unconditioned nature; they do not rely on the past, future, or present; knowing that all conditions are unreal, inverted, empty, and deceptive, their minds have no conditions to rely on. Because sentient beings do not know the true reality of all phenomena, wandering through the five destinies, with minds clinging to phenomena, discriminating and grasping or rejecting, the Buddha causes sentient beings to attain this wisdom of the true reality of all phenomena. This is called loving-kindness without conditions."