翻譯名義集 4.115

4.115

[Vicāra] Here translated as "investigation" (伺). The Tripiṭaka Commentary states: "Directed thought (尋, vitarka) means seeking; investigation (伺, vicāra) means observing. The gross nature of mind is called directed thought; the subtle nature of mind is called investigation." A treatise states: "There are three kinds of entering samādhi: First, with directed thought and investigation, referring to the first dhyāna and the access concentration (anāgamya-samādhi); second, without directed thought and with only investigation, referring to the intermediate dhyāna (dhyānāntara). The six heavens of the Great Brahmā are attracted by the power of intermediate concentration. Third, without directed thought and without investigation, referring to the preparatory stages of the second dhyāna up to the heaven of neither-perception-nor-non-perception." Directed thought and investigation are also called initial thought (覺) and discerning thought (觀). The Dazhidu lun asks: "Are having initial thought and having discerning thought one phenomenon or two phenomena?" Answer: "Two phenomena. The initial thought of a coarse mind is called initial thought; the discrimination of a subtle mind is called discerning thought. For example, when striking a bell, when the sound is initially loud, that is called initial thought; when the subsequent sound is fine and subtle, that is called discerning thought." Question: "How can the Abhidharma say: 'From the desire realm up to the first dhyāna, initial thought and discerning thought are associated within a single mind'? Why do you now say that the initial thought of a coarse mind is called initial thought, and the discrimination of a subtle mind is called discerning thought?" Answer: "Although the two phenomena exist within a single mind, their two aspects are not simultaneous. When there is initial thought, discerning thought is not clear; when there is discerning thought, initial thought is not clear. Just as when the sun rises, the multitudes of stars do not appear. All mental states and mental concomitants receive their names according to the time, and it is likewise for these."